Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
James M. Free
Director, NASA Glenn Research Center
USA
Keynote: Advanced technology historical development and technology advancements in electric aircraft and spacecraft propulsion
Time : 09:00 - 09:30
Biography:
James Free serves as the director at the National Aeronautics and Space Administrations John H. Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. In this position, which he assumed on January 4, 2013, he is responsible for planning, organizing and directing the activities required in accomplishing the missions assigned to the center. Glenn is engaged in research, technology and systems development programs in space propulsion, space power, space communications, aeronautical propulsion, microgravity sciences and materials. Prior to accepting the directors position, Free served as Glenns deputy director since November 2010.
Abstract:
As it approaches its seventy-fifth year of existence, the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center has pushed the boundary of technologies for aircraft and spacecraft propulsion. Originally know as the Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory (AERL), the facility began through advancement of aircraft engines in support of the war effort as well as icing research. Moving through its history, the center retained a focus on engine performance, noise and emissions while also unlocking the challenges of high performance in-space propulsion systems. Today, NASA Glenn is pushing the boundaries of future air travel charting a course towards more electric and eventually all-electric aircraft. In parallel, NASA Glenn is leading eh development of high power solar electric propulsion (SEP) systems that will serve to enable human exploration architectures through a robust and efficient logistic train to destinations such as Mars. Rooted in its history and building on the future, NASA Glenn enables electric propulsion.
Keynote Forum
Matthew Greenhouse
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
USA
Keynote: The james webb space telescope mission
Time : 09:30 - 10:00
Biography:
Matthew Greenhouse has served on the James Webb Space Telescope senior staff as Project Scientist for the JWST science instrument payload since 1997. He specializes in infrared imaging spectroscopy, development of related instrumentation and technologies, flight project science, and technical management. Dr Greenhouse has served on several NASA and European Space Agency (ESA) flight mission teams. He supported ESA\'s Infrared Space Observatory mission as a member of the Long Wavelength Spectrometer instrument team. He supported the NASA Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy mission by serving on its Independent Annual Review Board as Co-Chair, and served on both its Interim Management Review Board, and Science Steering Committee. He supported the NASA Spitzer mission by serving on its Community Task Force as Legacy Science Program Chair and the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 instrument project by serving on numerous gateway technical review boards. Dr. Greenhouse has been a member of the NASA Astrophysics Working Group, and has supported ground-based astronomy through membership on the National Science Foundation Committee of Visitors, and numerous selection committees and review boards for major ground-based instrumentation.
Abstract:
The James Webb Space Telescope is the scientific successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. It is a cryogenic infrared space observatory with a 25 m2 aperture telescope that will extend humanities’ high angular resolution view of the universe into the infrared spectrum to reveal early epochs of the universe that the Hubble cannot see. The Webb’s science instrument payload includes four cryogenic near-infrared sensors that provide imagery, coronagraphy, and spectroscopy over the near- and mid-infrared spectrum. The JWST is being developed by NASA, in partnership with the European and Canadian Space Agencies, as a general user facility with science observations to be proposed by the international astronomical community in a manner similar to the Hubble. The Webb’s technology development and mission design are complete. Construction, integration and verification testing is underway in all areas of the program. The JWST is on schedule for launch during 2018.
Keynote Forum
Robert E Skelton
University of California, San Diego
USA
Keynote: Tensegrity Engineering: Using control theory for form-finding in tensegrity structures
Time : xx
Biography:
Robert Skelton is Professor emeritus at UCSD and a TIAS Faculty Fellow at Texas A&M. He is a member of the National Academy of engineering, a member of the Thomas Green Clemson Academy of Science, a Fellow of AIAA and IEEE, and a joint recipient of the Norman Medal from ASCE. He has awards from the Japanese society from the Promotion of Science, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. He held the Russell Severance Springer Chair at UCB. Of his 5 books, the most recent are Tensegrity Systems (with de Oliveira) and A Unified Algebraic Approach to Linear Control Design (with Iwasaki and Grigoriadis).
Abstract:
Traditionally structure and control design are treated as separate problems and the methods used to solve those problems do not preserve desirable features of the other discipline. That is, we currently have no theory which can guarantee a minimal mass structure design (a statics problems), while guaranteeing minimal control energy for the control problem (a dynamics problems). By integrating structure and control design one can save both structural mass and control energy. Tensegrity Engineering is a phrase used to describe our attempt to integrate these multi-disciplinary design functions. This talk will focus only on the static design, the tensegrity form-finding problem, while preserving the controllability features of the structure. We will design a dynamic feedback control law that can take the structure from some initial configuration to a prespecified desired final configuration. Then this final steady state stable equilibrium is a solution to the desired form-finding problem to minimize mass subject to yield or buckling constraints. This “dynamic relaxation†method of form-finding integrates the dynamic equations of motion to steady state and then observes the final stable equilibrium configuration. If this final steady-state configuration is not acceptable, then changes in the design are made and dynamic relaxation is tried again. Our method modifies the structural dynamics (by adding a control law) to guarantee convergence to the desired configuration, if the desired configuration is achievable.
Keynote Forum
Richard W. Longman
Columbia University
USA
Keynote: Robustification of repetitive control systems for high accuracy and high speed operation
Time : 10:15 - 10:45
Biography:
Richard W. Longman is professor of mechanical and of civil engineering, Columbia University, and was Distinguished Romberg Guest Professor, University of Heidelberg, Germany. He received a 50,000 Euro Award for lifetime achievement in research from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, and the Dirk Brouwer Award from the American Astronautical Society (AAS) for contributions to spaceflight mechanics. He is Fellow of AAS and AIAA. He served the AAS as Vice President - Publications, VP Technical, First Vice President, and Member Board of Directors. His PhD is from the University of California, San Diego. Professor Longman has coauthored approximately 450 publications.
Abstract:
Repetitive Control (RC) is a relatively new field that aims to fully cancel the effects of periodic disturbances in a feedback control system, or aims to follow a periodic command perfectly. This is accomplished by looking at the error in the previous period, and adjusting the command given the feedback control system in the current period. Spacecraft applications include eliminating vibrations of fine pointing equipment, such as in a telescope, produced by rotation of the feedback control actuators, e.g. control moment gyros. Aircraft applications include the repetitive processes in manufacturing that can need high precision, and can benefit from fast operation when possible. RC is very unusual in the control field because it asks for zero error tracking a periodic signal. RC challenges typical control system analysis methods. Model inaccuracy can easily produce instability. Various methods of robustifying RC to model error are presented.
Keynote Forum
Shaaban Abdallah
University of Cincinnati
USA
Keynote: Efficient patterned vertical axis wind turbine farms
Time : 10:45 - 11:15
Biography:
Shaaban Abdallah, a professor of Aerospace Engineering, has been at the university of Cincinnati since 1989. He obtained his PhD in Aerospace Engineering at the university of Cincinnati in 1980. Dr. Abdallah joined Penn State University from 1981 to 1988. His research interests include Computational Fluid Dynamics, nano fluids, Turbo-machines, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Medical devices. Abdallah has two US patents on centrifugal compressors and three disclosures with university of Cincinnati on medical devices.
Abstract:
A patterned wind turbine farm is a new concept for development of power generationusing vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). In this study, we developed efficient patterned vertical axis wind turbine farms that consist of multiples of three VAWT clustershaving the same topology with scaled geometrical ratios of the cluster.The farms have high efficiency compared to conventional aligned and staggered farmlayouts. The developed cluster is based on the numerical study of the efficiency of clusters of two VAWTs in parallel and oblique layouts.The numerical model isvalidated by solving two- and three-dimensional turbulent flows through single Savonius and Darrieus VAWTs at different tip speed ratios and the results for the power coefficient show good agreements with the available experimental data.The developed triangular cluster has an enhanced average power coefficient up to 26% higher than that of an isolated turbine. The cluster generates 3.2 times the power generated by an isolated turbine with a power ratio 1:1.2:1 between its individual turbines. The developed farms have the same power scaling factor andpower coefficient enhancement ratios of the three turbine cluster. Numerical solutions of farms that consist of nine and twenty-seven turbinesconfirmthe pattern and the enhanced power coefficient. The scaling factor of 3.2 can be used to predict the performance of larger farms with the same topology to save processing time and man power.
- Track 1: Fluid Mechanics
Session Introduction
Gregory K. Watkins
California State University,Chico
USA
Title: Theory and commercial software finding the balance in finite element instruction at the undergraduate level
Time : 11:25 - 11:45
Biography:
Gregory Watkins received a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from North Carolina State University, a master of Engineering Management from Old Dominion University and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering and Sustainable Manufacturing at California State University Chico and is coordinator of the Capstone Design Program. He previously taught in the Engineering Technology department at UNC Charlotte and the Engineering Technologies Division at Central Piedmont Community College. He also has nine years of industrial work experience and holds registration as a professional engineer.
Abstract:
Like most accredited mechanical engineering programs, the undergraduate curriculum at California State University Chico includes a required course in Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Historically, the primary focus of the class has been the underlying theory of the method and its formulation from fundamental governing equations with little to no instruction in commercial software designed specifically for the purpose. Students were taught the traditional theoretical methods (Stiffness, Galerkin, Virtual Work, Castigliano, etc…) and were given assignment problems with rigorous hand-work such as assembling stiffness matrices. They were taught computer based solution methods through non-specific computational software such as Excel and MATLAB®. Feedback from advisory boards, capstone project sponsors, senior exit surveys, and other evidence clearly indicated a problem with the curriculum’s approach to finite element analysis. While program graduates were well versed in the theory of the method, there was strong evidence that they were not skilled its proper application via commercial FEA software, a very common task in the workplace. Observations included poorly posed problems, unnecessary computational rigor, meaningless results, or indeed the inability to obtain a solution at all. In response, the FEA course was redesigned to include basic instruction in the proper use of commercial FEA software while still maintaining sufficient theory for understanding the inherent assumptions and limitations of the method. Segments of theory-based discussion and traditional assignments are now followed with exploration of the same concepts in the context of commercial software. Emphasis is placed on its proper use, underlying assumptions, limitations, and validity of results.
Mark N. Callender
Middle Tennessee State University
USA
Title: Theoretical optimization of a cylindrical body of rotation using magnus effect lift
Time : 11:45 - 12:05
Biography:
Mark N. Callender received his doctorate in Engineering Science, specifying in Thermal and Fluid Mechanics, from The University of Tennessee Space Institute in 2013. He is currently an Assistant Professor in the Aerospace Department of Middle Tennessee State University located in Murfreesboro, TN.Dr. Callender’s research interests include Magnus Effect lift, low Reynolds number fluid mechanics, micro air vehicle (MAV) design,ground vehicle drag reduction, the philosophy of time, the existence of actual infinities, and Christian apologetics.
Abstract:
The Magnus Effect is the phenomenon whereby a rotating body experiences an asymmetric force due to its rotation. Historically researchers (i.e. Benjamin Robins and Gustav Magnus) investigated this effect using spherical bodies. A simplified investigation later followed by limiting attention to two dimensions, reducing the sphere to a circle. Potential flow theory was capable of describing this situation by superposing a uniform stream upon a collocated doublet/vortex flow. Integrating Euler’s equation along the surface of the resulting “rotating” circle yielded an asymmetric force. Experimental verification of this theoretical result was undertaken by approximating the two dimensional circle by a circular cylinder that spanned either a water or wind tunnel. Potential flow theory was taken by Ludwig Prandtl and expanded to describe the lifting flow about a three dimensional surface. Prandtl and his colleague Max Munk used this theory to derive the optimum distribution of vortex flow (hence circulation) along the span of a lifting body. The elliptical distribution is the optimum in order to reduce induced drag. Given that optimum, Munk was able to solve for the optimum chord distribution for a fixed wing. The extension from two dimensional to three dimensional investigation for airfoils/fixed wings has outpaced that for rotating bodies. The majority of the work on rotating bodies to date has remained two dimensional. The author has taken the optimum circulation distribution and applied it to a rotating cylindrical body. The theoretically optimum three dimensional geometry has been derived and will herein be described.
Alexander M. Wahrhaftig
Federal University of Bahia
Brazil
Title: Analytical solution for welded joints of perpendicular plates subjected to torsional moment
Time : 12:05 - 12:25
Biography:
Alexander M. Wahrhaftig has a degree in Civil Engineering (1991), with a Master in Rehabilitation of Historic Heritage from the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (1995) and PhD in Civil Engineering (Structures) from the Polytechnic School of USP, São Paulo (2008). He has occupied leadership positions on the execution of works and technical services. In the research area mainly is engaged in static, dynamic, experimental analysis of structures, having scientific papers and book published. Awarded twice by UFBa for his achievements in the field of innovation in 2013 was honored by the Brazilian Association of Civil Engineers.
Abstract:
Even with the advent of computer processes, the study of welded joints using classical mechanics and calculus is still employed by welding engineers to establish the dimension of bead welds and set load thresholds that can be applied for connecting structural elements. In existing analytical models, one normally considers an acceptable kinematics hypothesis for a problem and obtains the formulation that permits calculation of stress for the given case. If necessary, one then analyzes the stress state established at the point of interest. This paper develops a mechanical- and calculus- based formulation for the design and verification of weld lines on joints of perpendicular plates subjected to shear stresses due to torque. Our results are compared with the traditional procedure that applies shear stresses to the welded joint that are equal to the normal stresses induced by the bending of the plate. We carried out an additional study using mathematical modeling and the finite element method to evaluate the distribution of shear stress on the cross section of the line weld, which is considered in this case to be a deformable solid.
Sergey Alekseenko
Institute of Thermophysics
Russia
Title: Nonlinear waves and transfer processes in liquid film flow
Time : 12:25 - 12:45
Biography:
Sergey Alekseenko is a Director of the Institute of Thermophysics. He is a Head of Chair of Physics of Nonequilibrium Processes, Novosibirsk State University. He is a Corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences, member of American Physical Society, Society of Chemical Industry and EUROMECH. His areas of expertise are the transport phenomena in two-phase flow, hydrodynamics of film flow, wave phenomena, vortex flows and turbulent jets, experimental methods for two-phase flows, power engineering and energy saving. He has 115 published papers in refereed journals, 25 patents, four monographs including Wave Flow of Liquid Films and Theory of Concentrated Vortices.
Abstract:
Results of theoretical and experimental study of nonlinear waves and transfer processes in the falling liquid films and rivulets are presented. Theoretical modeling was mainly carried out based on the integral Kapitza-Shkadov method. Experimental investigations of wave formation in a wide range of wave parameters were performed applying the superimposed periodic oscillations, as well as the single local impacts. Spatial distributions of local thickness of the wave film were determined by the method of laser induced fluorescence, and instantaneous velocity fields were measured by Particle Image Velocimetry. Theoretical and experimental data on propagation of two-dimensional periodic stationary waves and three-dimensional stationary solitons on a vertically falling liquid film are presented. The mechanisms of intensification of heat and mass transfer processes by the nonlinear waves for the cases of film condensation and evaporation or desorption from the falling liquid films are described. The influence of turbulent gas flow on wave generation in the liquid film at different orientations of average velocity vectors of the phases relative to each other and direction of gravity is shown, including the case of non-parallel movement of liquid and gas. The structure of interface in the annular gas-liquid flow is described; the mechanisms of droplet entrainment from the crests of large waves are shown. The three-dimensional regular waves on the straight rivulets flowing down a vertical plane or over the lower outer surface of an inclined tube were studied theoretically and experimentally. The effect of wettability and other parameters on the flow structure is shown.
Yong Kweon Suh
Dong-A University
Korea
Title: Use of lattice boltzmann method to simulate interaction between fluid flow and particle motion in small scales
Time : 12:45 - 13:05
Biography:
Yong Kweon Suh has completed his PhD from State University of New York at Buffalo, USA and joined the faculty of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, in 1986. His current interest includes numerical simulation of fluid-particle interaction and electrohydrodynamic flows.
Abstract:
Numerical simulation of interaction between fluid flow and particle motion demands sophisticated algorithms due to the motion of particles and difficulty in creating the grid system. We developed during past decades numerical solution methods to tackle this problem and applied the methods to several branches of engineering applications of small scales. The method is based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). In this talk, we demonstrate three kinds of numerical solutions provided by the methods. First, we developed the simulation code for the problem of translocation of a biopolymer through a nano–pore driven by an external electric field. A theoretical formula is also used to calculate the net electrophoretic force acting on the part of the polymer residing inside the pore. Next, we simulated the motion of microscopic artificial swimmer. The swimmer consists of an artificial filament composed of super–paramagnetic beads connected by elastic linkers and an externally oscillating magnetic field is used to actuate the filament, and we have found that there is an optimum sperm number at which the filament swims with maximum velocity. Then, we computed the fluid flow generated inside a micro channel by an array of beating elastic cilia. We have found that there exists a maximum flow rate at an optimum sperm number. We also simulated the motion of particles caused by fluid flow of cilia actuation.
Elise Moss
Laney Community College
USA
Title: Best practices for developing models for rapid prototyping/3d printing
Biography:
Elise Moss holds a BSME from SJSU. She has published more than twenty textbooks on CAD and engineering design. Her texts are used in schools and by users around the world. She is currently adjunct faculty at Laney College in Oakland, teaching SolidWorks and Revit. She is a Certified SolidWorks Professional (CSWP). She works as a senior mechanical engineer at Sanmina Corp in San Jose in the data storage division, designing and documenting storage systems used in server rooms.
Abstract:
3D printing (or additive manufacturing, AM) is any of various processes used to make a three-dimensional object. In 3D printing, additive processes are used, in which successive layers of material are laid down under computer control. These objects can be of almost any shape or geometry, and are produced from a 3D model or other electronic data source. A 3D printer is a type of industrial robot. 3D printable models may be created with a computer aided design (CAD) package or via a 3D scanner or via a plain digital camera and photogrammetry software. Regardless of the 3D modeling software used, the 3D model then needs to be converted to either a STL format, to allow the printing software to be able to read it.Up to 80% of the files sent to 3D print result in poor or defective objects. This is a waste of time, material, and money. In this presentation, Professor Moss walks attendees through industry best practices to ensure a good outcome at least 90% of the time. You will see examples of 3D Prints gone wrong. Tips on how to correct the CAD model and troubleshoot the model for a better stl export will be presented as well as methods used to create a visually appealing prototype.
Biography:
Gireesha, B.J. received his Masters in Mathematics (1997), M.Phil. (1999) and Ph.D. (2002) in Fluid Mechanics from Kuvempu University, Shimoga, India. He is a faculty in the Department of Mathematics, Kuvempu University. At present he is a Visiting Research Scholar, in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland-44114, OHIO, USA sponsored by Govt. of India. He has authored 3 books, 127 national and international research papers, and has edited 2 conference proceedings. He has completed 2 major and one minor research projects sponsored by UGC and DST, New Delhi, India. He has attended/presented the papers in several International/National conferences. He is a member of several bodies, Editorial Board member and reviewer for National/International research Journals. His research interests include the areas of Fluid mechanics particularly, in boundary layer flows, Newtonian/non-Newtonian fluids, heat and mass transfer analysis. Under his supervision 10 students got Ph.D., degree and 11 students were awarded M.Phil., degree.
Abstract:
The effect of nanoparticles on a three-dimensional flow of Eyring-Powell fluid over an unsteady stretching sheet with convective boundary condition is numerically investigated. The effects of MHD, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and Joule heating are taken into account. Further, Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are introduced by means of Buongiorno nanofluid model. Numerical solution is obtained using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method of order 45 with Shooting technique. Obtained results are compared with existing results in a limiting sense and found to be an excellent agreement. In addition, the effects of influential factors, such as Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Lewis, Biot’s, Eckert and Prandtl numbers, radiation parameter, unsteady parameter, stretching ratio parameter, magnetic parameter on velocities, temperature and nanoparticles concentration fields are studied and discussed in detail. Further, physical quantities of engineering interest such as the Nusselt number and Sherwood number are examined via graphs and tables.
B. Rybakin
Lomonosov MSU, SRISA RAS
Russia
Title: Computer modeling of astrophysical processes in three-dimensional statement of the very large resolution grids using GPU
Biography:
B. Rybakin completed his Ph.D. thesis in 1987 in Lomonosov Moscow State University, and Doctor of Science in 2002. He is Professor of the dep. \"High performance computing\" (www.hpcdep.msu.ru) and the \"Wave and Gas Dynamics†Mechanics and Mathematics faculty of MSU. He has published more than 130 papers in reputed journals and serving as an editorial board member.
Abstract:
Computer simulation of gas-dynamic processes during the interaction of shock waves of great intensity, with different objects is the main objective of the study in this paper. Such problems arise when modeling engines for hypersonic aircraft, the study of their external aerodynamics, the study of the processes occurring during the collapse supernovae, the interaction of shock waves with the protoplanetary matter, etc. In astrophysics major role played by different processes, which are very different in size and timeline, often the initial and boundary conditions are not well known. Therefore, it is very difficult to get a really realistic model that takes into account all the physical processes. A detailed study of such processes can only be performed on grids with a very large resolution and using differential methods of high resolution. In this work, computer modeling of gas-dynamic processes is carried out on a rectangular three-dimensional Eulerian grid very large resolution. The solution algorithm is based on the schemes of the high resolution type TVD and allows us to implement parallelization on multi-core processors and graphics accelerators Kepler and Maxwell. The results of modeling the interaction of shock waves of varying intensity with fragmented cloud of molecular gas are discussed. It is shown that the use of graphics accelerators can significantly speed up computations on grids with a resolution of more than 108 cells.
Saeed J. Almalowi
Taibah University
Saudi Arabia
Title: Developing a stable lattice boltzmann method for circled and semi circled droplets placed on the side walls
Biography:
Saeed J. Almalowi has completed his PhD from Leigh University, USA. His research interest includes Fuel Cells and Porous Media, Desalination Technologies (MSF, MED and RO), Fluid- Fluid structure interaction using LBM and Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Applications ( Ahmed body, Backward lid-driven fluid flows,etc).
Abstract:
The Multi-Relaxation Time Lattice Boltzmann method has been employed to investigate the behavior the circled droplets and semi circled droplets placed on the side walls. A density distribution function has been introduced for each fluid and was utilized to simulate the dynamics of the side wall circled and semi circled droplets and the velocity field of each phase. Buoyancy and other interactive forces between phases are modeled to predict the evolution of droplets as they are rising. A fully periodic domain and no slip boundaries are employed in this study and the result is a transient flow simulation of a multi-phase immiscible fluid for geometries ranging from a single circled and semi circled droplet case to a case with two adjacent droplets. Also studied here is the interaction between the droplets and the no-slip boundary. The evolution of the droplets and the transient flow field around it are examined when droplets are placed on the no-slip surface initially. The breaking up of the droplet is predicted for different arrangements.
Rami Zakaria
Hansung University
Korea
Title: Particle image velocimetry in fuel sprays; an experimental approach
Biography:
Rami Zakaria is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Hansung University, South Korea. He received his Ph.D. in Experimental Fluid Mechanics from the University of Warwick, UK. His work contributed to the development of a new small rotary engine design, and large-scale 3C-PIV tests on aircraft jet nozzles in one of the largest jet-noise wind tunnels in the world. He also has an M.Sc. degree in advanced photonics and communication engineering, and a B.Eng. degree in electronic and communication engineering. His research interests include fuel atomization, fluid visualization, particle image velocimetry, combustion, engines, and optical technology.
Abstract:
Fuel sprays are commonly produced by increasing the relative velocity between liquid and gaseous phases. Particle-Image-Velocimetry (PIV) is a well-established technique for velocity analysis in multi-phase flows. We can perform PIV by illuminating the particles with a short light pulse, typically a laser pulse, which produces a set of successive digital images. Then, image-processing functions correlate these images to produce velocity vector fields. However, there are many factors to be considered during PIV experiments, including the particle size; pulse width of the fluid injector; imaging angle, and size of the interrogation window, amongst other factors. Planning ahead and understanding your experiment’s requirements could save valuable time and resources. In this paper we present a few steps for researchers planning to perform PIV experiments in fluid sprays. We discuss factors that affect the quality of the vector field results. We also show the light-scattering (Mie scattering) efficiency of fluid particles and how it is affected by both average particle size and imaging angle. Then we present a case study of a VHS fuel injector for small rotary engines. We show the experimental setup, the analysis procedure, and the results of applying PIV on jet fuel sprays. Our results include vector fields of small droplets (less than 50 microns in diameter) produced by micro-PIV tracking technique and shadowgraph images.
Hocine Alla
University of Sciences and Technology of Oran
Algeria
Title: Potentiality of computational fluid dynamics for the dynamics of spreading of liquids on solid surfaces
Biography:
Hocine Alla has completed his Ph.D since 2006 from university of sciences and technology of Oran, USTO-MB, Algeria. He was the guest in great research laboratories in Europe and directed research projects at the higher school of aeronautics in Oran. He also organized several international conferences on Computational Physics in Algeria and published several papers in prestigious journals.
Abstract:
The phenomena of the spreading of liquid on a solid surface are complex. The aerospace industry is moving towards the use of composite materials for carrying of the structure of its aircraft. Different Agents are made for facilitating demoulding and applied to the mold before each production cycle of composite aerospace part. This study is outcome of that context studying wetting phenomena in surfaces. We develop a CFD model, to simulate the time evolution of spreading drops on solid surfaces (drop base radius vs. time curve). The effect of wettability of the substrate on droplet spreading is investigated by considering different surfaces. Dynamic surface tension, surfactant adsorption and transport phenomena are included in the computational model. The CFD simulations are quantitatively compared with previously published experimental results from other research groups. Our numerical results compare very well with experimental data.
Benseghir Omar
Energetic thermal Department, USTHB
Algeria
Title: Analysis of heat transfer in a closed cavity ventilated inside
Biography:
Benseghir Omar has completed his master diploma Mechanical Energetic Thermal Energetic Option from FGPGM Thermo Energy Department, USTHB. Currently he is working in Energetic thermal Department, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria.
Abstract:
In this work, we presented a numerical study of the phenomenon of heat transfer through the laminar, incompressible and steady mixed convection in a closed square cavity with the left vertical wall of the cavity is subjected to a warm temperature, while the right wall is considered to be cold. The horizontal walls are assumed adiabatic. The governing equations were discretized by finite volume method on a staggered mesh and the SIMPLER algorithm was used for the treatment of velocity-pressure coupling. The numerical simulations were performed for a wide range of Reynolds numbers 1, 10, 100, and 1000 numbers are equal to 0.01,0.1 Richardson, 0.5,1 and 10.The analysis of the results shows a flow bicellular (two cells), one is created by the speed of the fan placed in the inner cavity, one on the left is due to the difference between the temperatures right wall and the left wall. Knowledge of the intensity of each of these cells allowed us to get an original result. And the values obtained from each of Nuselt convection which allow to know the rate of heat transfer in the cavity.Finally we find that there is a significant influence on the position of the fan on the heat transfer (Nusselt evolution) for values of Reynolds studied and for low values of Richardson handed this influence is negligible for high values of the latter.
Narima Ashrafi
Islamic Azad University
Iran
Title: Effect of the convected terms in the transient viscoelastic flow
Biography:
Narima Ashrafi has completed his PhD in 1998 from University of Western Ontario. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
The influence of fluid elasticity is examined for the plane Couette flow (PCF) of a Johnson Segalman (J.S) fluid.The Johnson Segalman model is a nonlinear viscoelastic model that accounts for the combined rheological nonlinearity and time dependency phenomena by inclusion of the upper-convected time derivative of stress tensor in the constitutive equation. In the special cases of the proposed model, typical upper convected Maxwell model can be recovered. The model takes into account the interrelations of velocity gradients and stress components through introduction of appropriate coefficients in the elastic terms of constitutive equation. The proposed form of constitutive equation almost completely models the physical behavior of a wide range of nonlinear materials, yet it is computationally appropriate as well. The flow field is obtained from the conservation and constitutive equations using the Galerkin projection method. Both inertia and normal stress effects are included. It consists of expanding the velocity and stress in terms of orthogonal functions and projecting onto each mode of expansion to generate a set of ordinary differential equations that govern the time dependent expansion coefficients. The type of orthogonal functions depends on the geometry and boundary conditions. Effect of several values of governing parameters such as introduced coefficients, Reynolds number and Weissenberg number on velocity and normal and shear stresses profiles are explored in detail. The results show that the oscillating behavior of velocity profile tends to grow as the coefficients increase. For higher Wiessenberg, the oscillations are more intensive, whereas the amplitude of oscillation tends to reduce. This reveals that, the deviation decreases by increasing the coefficients. The amplitude of normal stress differences tend to grow as the coefficients of the convected terms grow, revealing more elastic behavior in the fluid. On the other hand the effect of the convected terms on the steady behavior of normal stress difference is strongly dependent on the value of Weissenberg number. The shear stress behavior is also dependent on the coefficients of the convected terms and the flow properties, that is, for higher Reynolds the shear stress reaches a maximum and then decreases to minimum. For lower Reynolds, the opposite occurs . From a numerical point of view, the model also allows for the velocity and stress components to be represented by truncated series.
Nitin P. Gulhane
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute
India
Title: Analytical solution for laminar compressible fully-developed convection in microchannels with constant wall heat influx
Biography:
Nitin P. Gulhane is working as a Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbia, India. His research interest includes:- Micro fluidics, Convective Heat Transfer,Computational Fluid Dynamics, MEMS Design and Micro channel Cooling and Optimization in Thermal Devices and Energy Management
Abstract:
The present work investigates the influence of density variation on bulk mean temperature and Nusselt number (Nu) in laminar micro-convective flow. The fact that smaller diameter microchannels achieve more effective heat transfer rates for better cooling in micro-devices is supported by studying the variation of Nusselt number (Nu) in such micro-flows. One dimensional ordinary differential equations of motion with constant wall heat flux boundary condition are analytically solved for different diameters of microchannel and different wall heat flux taking density variation into account. The direct effect of change in diameter and wall heat flux on wall temperature as well as bulk mean temperature and its eventual effect on Nusselt number is studied separately.
- Track 2: Aerodynamics
Session Introduction
James F. Woodward
California State University Fullerton
USA
Title: Advanced propulsion in the era of wormhole physics: is it space-drive time yet?
Time : 14:40-15:00
Biography:
J.F. Woodward completed a Ph.D. in history (of science) at the University of Denver in 1972 after obtaining bachelors and masters degrees in physics at Middlebury College and New York University in the 1960s. Retired in 2005, he is emeritus professor of history and adjunct professor of physics at California State University Fullerton where he continues to do experimental work on advanced propulsion and the enigmatic sciences (gravity manipulation). Noting that inertia in general relativity is a gravitational phenomenon where local objects are seemingly instantaneously coupled to distant matter in the universe, he has elaborated a way that transient phenomena can be used to perform said manipulation. This, and other material related to this talk, can be found in his recent book: Making Starships and Stargates: the Science of Interstellar Propulsion.
Abstract:
Kip Thorne and several graduate students ushered in the era of wormhole physics in 1988 by reverse engineering, at Carl Sagan’s request, the needed conditions to travel to and from the center of the Galaxy 26,000 lightyears distant in little or no time. The requirement turned out to be “wormholes”, spacetime structures predicted by general relativity theory. Six years later, Miguel Alcubierre constructed the “warp drive” “metric” of general relativity that shows what is needed to zip around spacetime, seemingly at speeds faster than the speed of light. The requirement is a Jupiter mass of negative rest mass (“exotic”) matter. Before Thorne did his work a small collection of people worked on schemes to make lightspeed (and faster) travel possible. And after Thorne and Alcubierre, that collection of people has worked toward the goal of realizing the conditions dictated by general relativity for “hyperspeed” travel, be it through wormholes or encased in warp bubbles. “Advanced” propulsion is often taken to encompass all propulsion schemes more advanced than chemical rockets. Really advanced propulsion, however, is that enabling interstellar travel in short times, and that demands wormholes and/or warp bubbles. The stepping stone to such schemes is often figuring out how to accelerate a vessel without ejecting large amounts of propellant – so-called “field” propulsion. These schemes – wormholes, warp drives, and field propulsion – all involve gravity “manipulation”, whereas all other advanced propulsion schemes do not. In this talk I will recount some of the activities known to me of the collection of people working on gravity manipulation in the past decade or two. It is a tale of trial and error. Lots of error. But perhaps space-drive time is at hand.
Shaaban Abdallah
University of Cincinnati
USA
Title: A numerical comparison study between co-rotating and counter-rotating savonius wind turbine clusters
Time : 15:00 - 15:20
Biography:
Shaaban Abdallah, a professor of Aerospace Engineering, has been at the university of Cincinnati since 1989. He obtained his PhD in Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati in 1980. Dr. Abdallah joined Penn State University from 1981 to 1988. His research interests include Computational Fluid Dynamics, nano fluids, Turbo-machines, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Medical devices. Abdallah has two US patents on centrifugal compressors and three disclosures with university of Cincinnati on medical devices.
Abstract:
we showed that interactions between two co-rotating Savonius turbines in parallel and oblique clusters and three turbines in triangular clusters enhance the output power of individual rotors compared their isolated counter-parts. In this paper similar studies for two counter-rotating Savonius turbines in parallel and oblique clusters and three turbines in triangular clusters is performed by numerical simulation. The computational results are compared with the co-rotating clusters to determine the optimum cluster for developing efficient Vertical axis wind turbine farms. The comparison shows that the co-rotating three turbine clusters has higher efficiency than the counter-rotating three turbine cluster. The maximum enhancement in the average power coefficient compared to isolated turbines is 34% for the three co-rotating turbine cluster and 9% for the counter-rotating three turbine cluster. The commercial CFD software FLUENT 14.5 is used for the numerical simulation.
S. R. Gollahalli
University of Oklahoma
USA
Title: An integrative research program of bio-fuel combustion performance and emissions
Time : 15:20 - 15:40
Biography:
Gollahalli received his Ph. D. degree from the University of Waterloo in Canada. He currently holds Lesch Centennial Chair at the University of Oklahoma. His research encompasses topics in Energy and Combustion. His publications include about 300 refereed journal and symposium articles. He is a fellow of ASME, AIAA, and ISEES. His awards include Angus Medal from CSME, Teetor Award from SAE, Best Paper Awards from ASME, Energy Systems and Sustained Service awards from AIAA, Samuel Collier Award, George Westinghouse Gold Medal, and Ralph James award from ASME. He is listed in Marquis “Who’s Who in the World”.
Abstract:
Bio-diesels and bio-alcohols have emerged as attractive renewable alternate energy sources in recent years. These fuels can be produced from vegetal or animal feed stocks, they are environmentally carbon-neutral, and are low in sulfur content. In many places, they can be produced from locally-grown or otherwise wasted biomass, and thus ensure energy security. Also, these biofuels can be directly used in existing combustors with minimal modifications. The key to the successful use and consumer acceptance of these biofuels is to ensure that their environmental impact is minimal and that their performance in practical combustion devices is favorable. Although the performance of practical devices such as internal combustion engines and gas turbines running on these fuels has been extensively investigated in the past by several researchers, a fundamental understanding of the science of thermo-chemical processes and pollutant formation during the combustion of biofuels and their blends, particularly the coupling effects of fuel chemistry and combustion conditions is lacking. This presentation will cover an integrative approach of a comprehensive research program with a focus on the work currently being pursued at the Combustion and Flame Dynamics Laboratory of the University of Oklahoma, USA. Results include thermochemical characteristics, such as temperature and concentration fields, radiation emission and extinction phenomena, and formation of environmental pollutants such as NO and CO. The flames will include laminar and turbulent jet configurations and counter-flow burners.
Igor Zolotarev
Institute of Thermomechanics
Czech Republic
Title: Measuring of the profile vibrations on the flutter critic flow velocity
Time : 15:40 - 16:00
Biography:
Igor Zolotarev is a researcher at the Department of Dynamics and Vibration of the Institute of thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague. He obtained research degree (Ph.D.) in Mechanics of Solid and Fluid Mechanics in 1985. In 2008 he was a Chairman of the 9th International Conference on Flow-Induced Vibration – FIV2008. Main research interests are Dynamics of elastic bodies and Fluid mechanics, Shell theory, Vibration of shell and plate, Aero- and Hydro elasticity, Acoustics, Sound and structural vibration, Acoustic-structural coupling of vibrating structures conveying fluid.
Abstract:
Experimental facility situated in the test section of the wind tunnel suction type was adjusted both in the total construction and in the construction of the fluttering body, the methodology of the measurement and evaluation of the flow and dynamic parameters during flutter were also changed. Preserved was the conception of the NACA0015 profile with two degrees of freedom, rotational and translational. Torque elasticity was now realized by the coil spring and changed by different length of this spring or by different diameter of the spring wire. The pitch angle of the profile was now measured by the magnetic rotary encoder. The translational position was indicated by the magnetic linear encoder and was centered by plane springs situated on both ends of the shiftable frame. With this model the testing measurement was realized by its self-excited vibration of flutter type in the range of Mach numbers M=0.20-0.215 and Reynolds numbers 263 000 – 283 000. Results obtained with M=0.21 and Re=276 000 are presented.
Erkan Orman
Anadolu University
Turkey
Title: Shape optimization of a wind turbine airfoil by using genetic algorithm
Time : 16:15 - 16:35
Biography:
Erkan Orman is a lecturer at Anadolu University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics in Turkey. He received his Master’s degree in the area of wind turbines from Anadolu University in 2010. His research interests include low Reynolds number flows, computational fluid dynamics, turbo machines; wind turbines, unmanned aerial vehicles with research focuses on shape optimization, geometry parameterization and optimization algorithms.
Abstract:
Aerodynamic shape optimization of an airfoil has a crucial role for wind turbines in order to increase blade efficiency for the whole range of blade pitch angles. In this study, NACA 4415 airfoil has been optimized by a genetic algorithm coupled with an airfoil analysis code. Geometry of the airfoil is represented by a PARSEC parameterization method to be able to generate different airfoil shapes. A matlab routine was developed to generate different airfoil shapes as individuals and to control the whole optimization processes. Lift to drag ratio obtained by the analysis code is chosen as fitness function of each individual. The aim of the optimization process is to find the PARSEC parameters which give the maximum of lift to drag ratio in a certain solution space. The flow is assumed to be in viscid and uniform for the sake of simplicity. Mach number and Reynolds number are chosen as 0.03 and 350,000 respectively. Angle of attack interval is chosen as between2° and 5°. Tournament selection method is used to select the individuals which have high fitness values for the next generation. The genetic operators; cross-over and mutation rates are chosen as 0.45 and 0.05 respectively. The code can be executed until a pre-defined iteration number or a certain convergence criteria were obtained. The results have showed that the final geometry obtained after the optimization process is superior to the original geometry for the specified angle of attack interval.
Ala Qattawi
University of California, Merced
USA
Title: The potential of origami-based sheet metal folding for vehicle design
Time : 16:35-16:55
Biography:
Ala Qattawi is an assistant professor at University of California, Merced. She earned her PhD in Automotive Engineering from Clemson University, International Center for Automotive Research in 2012 and became the first female to earn this degree in USA. Her research area is in the innovative design and manufacturing processes, such as Origami-based metal forming and knowledge-based manufacturing. She has over 25 journal publications and did research on the topological analysis of Origami-based sheet metal products with application to complex products such as automotive body in white parts. She also has an experience in sustainability design for automotive structures.
Abstract:
The proposed concept in this paper is Origami-based Sheet Metal forming technique, abbreviated as (OSM), where the final sheet metal product is shaped by a sequence of folding operations instead of the traditional stamping manufacturing process. OSM is an innovative procedure that can form the final 3-dimensional geometry with minimal components by consolidation of parts; the process can be used to fold a 3-dimensional part with multiple faces from a single 2-dimensional sheet metal. The key element in OSM is the creation of Material Discontinuities (MD) along the bend line, which facilitate accurate bending of sheet metal grades. The MD are entities shaped over the bend line by either laser cutting or stamping and they enable folding sheet metal even for thick grades of up to 1 inch without the need of bending dies. The major sector benefiting from this innovation in fabrication procedure will be the transportation. The OSM has a potential to be a promising fabrication process for the vehicle Body-in White (BiW) design and manufacturing that can overcome current stamping practice. Examples of BiW components that can be fabricated by OSM are chassis, firewall, floor, dashboard skeleton, and shock tower. The establishment of this innovative process has great influence on the manufacturing method of sheet metal. It can change the product design and the overall production line requirements. This paper will discuss the anticipated advantages of utilizing OSM for vehicle components in terms of process design improvement and energy and cost allocations.
Ngozi Claribelle Nwogu
Robert Gordon University
U.K
Title: Trial CO2 extraction ceramic membrane with an integration of a CO2 laser gas detector
Time : 16:55-17:05
Biography:
NGOZI CLARIBELLE NWOGU is currently undergoing her PhD programme at the Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom having previously obtained her Bachelor and Master of Engineering degrees in Petroleum Engineering. She is working on ‘Advanced membrane design for improved Carbon dioxide capture. By occupation, she is a university lecturer and has published and co-authored over 17 academic/professional journal papers and made over 15 oral, e-Poster and poster presentations at international conferences worldwide. Her research interests are in the areas of design of inorganic hybrid ceramic membrane and multi channel membrane reactors for Carbon dioxide capture from flue gases. Engr. Mrs Nwogu is a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), American Chemical Society (ACS), Registered Petroleum Engineer by Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), International Association of Engineers, Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE), Association of Professional Women Engineers of Nigeria (APWEN) and European Membrane Society (EMS).
Abstract:
Continued rise in associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and associated risk of climate change is a major concern globally. As a result, reasonable, dependable and safe energy supplies are essential for sustainable economic growth. The perception of a zero emission coal-fired power plant as a large source of very high pressure flow of CO2 is presented. This article also illustrates a plan that aims to fashion a membrane-based system to remove CO2. The CO2 concentration in the mixture is detected by the use of a CO2 laser gas sensor. The innovative technology employed utilizes hybrid inorganic ceramic membranes for carbon dioxide capture from a range of other gases such as those encountered during flue gas handing processes. The most probable profit of the CO2 gas detector system is investigated with emphasis on its enormous prospects especially for emission trading applications in fossil fuel power plants. Experiments were carried out with gas flow through hybrid membrane with the retentate port fully opened and closed. Results obtained show an appreciable CO2 extracted and offer better capture option in comparison to conventional methods.
Mohammed Nasir Kajama
Robert Gordon University
U.K
Title: Volatile organic compounds (VOCS) destruction over noble metal catalyst nano structured composite membranes
Time : 17:05-17:15
Biography:
Kajama is currently undergoing his PhD programme at the Robert Gordon University Aberdeen with the research topic Catalytic Membrane Reactor-Separator for Environmental Applications. He has 3 years of experience as assistant lecturer in the department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. He has published more than 15 papers and made over 10 oral, e-Poster and poster presentations at international conferences worldwide. Mr Kajama is a member of the European Membrane Society (EMS), Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE).
Abstract:
The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetone, propylene, ethanol, n-butane in air from numerous sources including petrochemical and refining operations, food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, printing and a wide range of coating operations gives rise to deleterious health and environmental effects. Total oxidation is an attractive method in controlling these emissions due to the great amounts of energy saved if moderate temperature can be used. For wide application of catalytic combustion, thermally, mechanically and chemically stable catalysts are required. The operating costs for catalytic combustion are lower than those for thermal combustion and catalytic combustion is also more flexible compared to other means of VOC destruction. An innovation lies in the field of catalytic membrane reactors based on porous membranes which offer very attractive research opportunities to academic and industrial scientists working on catalysis. In this work a catalytic membrane reactor has been developed and tested for VOC destruction utilizing a porous ceramic membrane over Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for VOC destruction from air stream. A laboratory flow-through catalytic membrane has been used for the study. The influence parameters such as platinum (Pt) loading, total gas flow rate, VOC concentration, oxygen content and conversion temperature were examined.
Edidiong Okon
Robert Gordon University
U.K
Title: Evaluation and characterisation of composite mesoporous membrane for lactic acid and ethanol esterification
Time : 17:15-17:25
Biography:
Edidiong Okon is a PhD researcher in the Institute of Design Innovation and Sustainability, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, having previously obtained Bachelor and Master of Science degrees in Applied Chemistry. She is currently working on ‘’Esterification of Lactic acid with Ethanol using cation-exchange resins impregnated metallic membrane reactor’’. She has previously published and co-authored a number of academic papers in international journals. Her research interests are in the area of heterogeneous catalysis and metallic membrane reactor for ethyl lactate synthesis. She is a member of various Professional bodies including Royal Society of Chemistry. She has also made several conference presentations in the United State of America and United Kingdom
Abstract:
This paper presents the characterisation and evaluation of a silica membrane with 15nm pore size. The silica membrane was coated once for the permeation analysis. Helium (He), nitrogen (N2), argon (Ar) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were used for the permeation tests conducted at the feed pressure of 0.10 – 1.00 bar and at the temperature of 413 K. The gas flow rate showed an increase with respect to feed pressure indicating Knudsen flow as the dominant mechanism. The order of the gas flow rate with respect to the feed pressure drop was Ar > CO2 > He > N2. The SEM/EDXA result of the membrane showed a defect-free surface. The surface area and pore size distribution of the silica membrane was analysed using liquid nitrogen adsorption. The results obtained from the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm of the 1st and 2nd dip-coated membranes were 1.497 and 0.253 m2/g whereas the Barrette-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) curves of the membranes were 4.184 and 4.180nm respectively, corresponding to a mesoporous structure in the range of 2-50nm. The BET isotherms of the silica membranes showed a type IV isotherm with hysteresis indicating a mesoporous layer. The BJH curve of the 2nd membrane showed a 4% reduction in pore diameter after the modification process.
Habiba Shehu
Robert Gordon University
U.K
Title: Study of the selectivity of methane over carbon dioxide and inert gases using composite inorganic membranes
Time : 17:25-17:35
Biography:
Habiba Shehu is currently undergoing her PhD programme at the Robert Gordon University Aberdeen with the research topic Catalytic Membrane Reactor-Separator for Environmental Applications. She has over 5 journal publications and is a member of the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Abstract:
Natural gas is an important fuel gas that can be used as a power generation fuel and as a basic raw material in petrochemical industries. Its composition varies extensively from one gas field to another. Although there is variation in the composition from source to source, the major component of natural gas is methane with inert gases and carbon dioxide. Hence, all natural gas must undergo some treatment with about 20% of total reserves requiring extensive treatment before transportation via pipelines. The question is can mesoporous membrane be highly selective for methane and be used for the treatment of natural gas? A methodology based on the use of dip-coated silica and zeolite membrane was developed. A single gas permeation test using a membrane reactor was carried out at a temperature of 293 K and a pressure range of 0.02 to 0.1 MPa. The permeance of CH4 was in the range of 1.15 x 10-6 to 2.88 x 10 -6 mols-1m-2Pa-1 and a CH4/CO2 selectivity of 1.27 at 293 K and 0.09 MPa was obtained. The pore size of the membrane was evaluated using nitrogen adsorption and was found to be 2.09 nm. The results obtained have shown that it is possible to use a mesoporous membrane to selectively remove carbon dioxide from methane to produce pipeline quality natural gas. There is a need for further study of the transport mechanism of methane through the membrane since this is essential for the separation of other hydrocarbons that could be present as impurities.
Ifeyinwa Orakwe
The Robert Gordon University
U.K
Title: Effect of temperature on gas transfer through alumina membrane
Time : 17:35- 17:45
Biography:
Ifeyinwa Orakwe is currently undertaking her PhD programme at the Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Her research involves designing an integrated membrane catalytic reactor process for the removal of dissolved oxygen from water for downhole injection applications. Has a Bachelor degree in Chemistry and Masters in Environmental Science. By occupation, she is a Laboratory/ Environmental analyst. In her researchcareer, she has published in professional journal papers and made oral presentations at international conferences. Her research interests are in the areas of oil & gas, waste water and designing inorganic hybrid ceramic membrane for the purpose of water treatment.
Abstract:
Membrane utilization in various field processing applicationsis a dynamic and rapidly growing field. In this study, a composite membrane consisting of a porous γ –alumina support layer was used.The membrane and support measured 7mm internal diameter and 10mm outer diameter respectively. This work discusses results obtained fromthe permeability test of some single gases carried out at high temperature. The flowrates at gauge pressurebetween 0.1-1 Bar and temperature 298K were obtained andgraphs of flowrate were plotted against pressure.The single gases used were oxygen (O2), helium (He), nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2).Results obtained from the plots showed an order in the rate of flow of the gases through the membrane. At 298K and 323K, for example, the flow rate increased in the order He>O2>N2>CO2. As the temperature was increased to 373K, 423K and 473K, the order of increase in flow rate was then He>N2>O2>CO2.The influence of a number of factors, for instance kinetic diameter and molecular weight of the gases will be discussed in respect to their permeation rate. The overall results illustrated an initial viscous flow mechanism, then Knudsen transport mechanismas pressure was increased.
Umunnah U.P
Vanpas Agency services
Nigeria
Title: A study on the impact of soil erosion in construction industry: Major problems and control measures
Time : 17:45-17:55
Biography:
P.U Umunnah is a renowned builder having previously obtained a Bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. This creative and self-motivated personality has held different challenging positions as operational and marketing representative in various capacities with outstanding performance. He is currently enrolled for a master’s degree in building and construction at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Abstract:
Construction site management, usually dominated by skilled engineers, provides an important opportunity for engineers especially in the area of building to work together in minimizing the environmental impacts of land disturbance. However, better monitoring requirements, combined with efforts to identify and publicize the benefits of erosion control are increasing the number of construction sites on which erosion control efforts are being implemented. Subsequently, a range of temporary measures to reduce erosion and to trap sediment on site can be designed and implemented for instance temporary surface covers and silt fence However, design and implementation of these measures require an understanding of erosion and sedimentation processes, and in many cases incorrect installation and maintenance limit their effectiveness. This paper therefore outlines the impact of soil erosion in the construction industry, inbuilt problems, control and how to proffer solution. In addition accurate and precise construction technique and selection of appropriate construction materials utilized to achieve the objectives are discussed and presented.
Godson Ogubuike Osueke
Federal University of Technology
Nigeria
Title: Design of biomass digester and performance analysis, using local raw materials
Time : 17:55-18:05
Biography:
Godson Ogubuike Osueke hails from Ndibinuhu Abueke in Ihitte/Uboma local Government Area of Imo state. He attended St. Patrick school, Abueke where he Obtained the first school living certificate with distinction in 1964 and his West African School certificate from Ibeku High school,Umuahia in 1974. He then went to Government college Afikpo for his advanced level in Sciences andalso served as college captain for IBIAM House. He went on to be one of the pioneer students at Petroleum Training Institute (PTI) permanent site, Efurum, warri where he bagged PTI Diploma in Petrochemicals (1977- 79). His outstanding performance earned him automatic employment withNNPC in 1980 and was one of the pioneer indigenous Technologist at the Kaduna Refinery/PPL. Hecontinued his education two years later at Texas Southern University in Houston, USA and Texas A&MUniversity, Prairie view where he bagged B.Sc (Cum Laude) in industrial Engineering and M.Scindustrial Engineering respectively. While in USA, Engineer Osueke was the founding member of thefamous “Nigerian Foundation” which they registered in Houston, Texas in 1982. He won theprestigious National Dean’s list honor in USA in 1982.
Abstract:
This paper reports on the generation of biogas using cow dung. A 0.0413m3 plastic bio digester with a capacity of 50kg was designed, constructed, and used to obtain biogas from this waste. The waste was charged into the digester in a one to one ratio (1:1) with water, being 18.75kg of waste mixed with 18.75kg of water giving a total 37.5kg. The digestion of the slurry was undertaken in a batch operation. All of the parameters necessary for gas production like pH, temperature, total viable count (TVC) and gas volume were monitored and recorded. The waste started producing combustible gas five days after it was charged. The waste was kept in the digester for a retention time of 28days. The conditions within the digester suitable for the anaerobic microbes were under mesophllic temperatures (20-45oC). The waste started producing combustible gas five days after it was charged. The maximum volume of biogas obtained from the wastes was 7.1litres on the tenth day. The volume of gas produced throughout the digestion period was determined using the downward displacement of water technique. Changes in level of water from a predetermined reference level were observed in a transparent, inverted and calibrated bucket due to inflow of the biogas and were recorded on a daily basis. The cumulative gas production was 156.5litres on the twenty-eighth day, after which the experiment was terminated. This digester is therefore recommended for commercial production.
Ume N U
Nadel Bitmaps Technology Services Nigeria Limited
Nigeria
Title: A novel application of NFC smart phones for mobile data collection and storage: A case study
Biography:
Ume N U is a renowned Brand Developer and Researcher with Nadel Bitmaps Technology Services Ltd., a multimedia service company. He has a Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics and Computer Science from the Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State Nigeria and is currently pursuing his Master’s Degree at the National Open University of Nigeria. His innovative spirit and passion for new technologies has made him a Consultant to both local and multinational companies in Nigeria.
Abstract:
The needs for storage and quick data collection in this informative and scientific age have become a huge task for today’s enterprise. The World Wide Web is loaded with various apps and technologies to suite some of these challenges. A case study on the inherent difficulties of higher institutions in Nigeria in search of ways to maintain and sustain data security integrity and as well, solutions for proper implementations to solve these prevalent problems are presented. Therefore, the design and application of a permanent solution require an in-depth understanding of the NFC Smart Phones for Mobile Data Collection and Storage. This paper, thus, outlines the advantages the use of (Near Field Communication) NFC technology will have in our academic institutions to ensure data security and integrity. In addition, highlights of better ways of adopting this technology in day-to-day operations of business enterprise are also discussed.
Anyadiegwu C I C
Federal University of Technology
Nigeria
Title: A study on economic assessment of simultaneous use of depleted oil reservoirs for underground natural gas storage and enhanced oil recovery
Biography:
Anyadiegwu C I C is the Head of Department, Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, and Imo State. His research interest includes Oil and Gas Production and Processing from fossil fuels and non-fossil fuels (Biomass), Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) and Oil Spillage Detection, Control and Prevention.
Abstract:
The economic viability of simultaneous gas injection for underground natural gas storage and enhanced oil recovery was examined with depleted reservoir IZ-2 located South Eastern Nigeria. The geologic and engineering information on the reservoir were gathered with which the costs analyses were conducted. The storage capacity and costs of the depleted reservoir were used in conducting the profitability analyses through the expected revenue. The reservoir is suitable for underground gas storage and enhanced oil recovery with its working gas capacity and deliverability of 2.18 Tcf and 46.42 MMscf/d, respectively. The reservoir has a positive and high net present value (NPV) of $1.96 billion at 10% discount rate. The pay-out period of 0.106 year and profit per dollar invested (P/$) of 114.4 for the project indicated that it is economically viable.
Won-SeokHeo
Seoul National University
Republic of Korea
Title: A numerical study on prediction of the aerodynamic performance and design of a centrifugal compressor
Biography:
Won-SeokHeo has completed his Master’s degree from Seoul National University in 2015. He is a Researcher of Seoul National University, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design (IAMD), Turbomachinery Research Center. He has researched the aerodynamic performance of turbomachinery, especially a centrifugal compressor.
Abstract:
A centrifugal compressor is generally composed of a impeller by whose rotational motion the energy is obtained, a diffuser by which static pressure is recovered, and finally a volute serving as a receiver to transfer for other devices. It is important requirement to properly evaluate the aerodynamic performance and characteristics during preliminary design of a centrifugal compressor because it is not obvious to figure out the internal flow property of a centrifugal compressor including complicated three dimensional turbulent flow. The prediction and design of the aerodynamic performance of a compressor have been studied in various ways. Recently, it has not only been empirically researched but calculated by the computer simulation. In this study the industrial centrifugal compressor was calculated in three dimensional compressible viscous flow through CFX 11.0 and in method of k-ε RANS turbulent model. A lot of quantitative performance values were obtained and through these databases several variables were investigated to certainly predict and correctly design the centrifugal compressor. And the methods proposed are useful to analyze the aerodynamic performance and characteristics of internal respective parts of the compressor. Especially, momentum transfer and loss characteristics of the impeller and pressure recovery and loss properties of the diffuser were focused when the compressor is operated with several flow coefficients such as at surge, peak efficiency, flow separation on diffuser vane, and choke.
Suhas Pol
Texas Tech University
USA
Title: : Influence of atmospheric stability on model wind turbine wake interface
Biography:
Pol is an Research Assistant Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX. He obtained his Ph.D. from Arizona State University in 2010 and his postdoctoral training in Los Alamos National Laboratory thereafter. His primary area of research is wind energy and geophysical fluid dynamics. His research involves field experiments in the atmospheric boundary layer and lab scale experiments to develop advanced diagnostic tools using optical techniques.
Abstract:
Differences in wind turbine wake defect recovery for various atmospheric stabilities (stratification) has been attributed to turbulence intensity levels at different conditions. We show that buoyancy differences at the wind turbine wake interface should be considered in addition to varying turbulence intensity to describe the net momentum transport across the wake interface. These buoyancy differences are created due to the tip vortex, hub vortex or the swirl in the wake. The above hypothesis was tested using field measurements of the wake interface for a 1.25 m model turbine installed at 6.25m hub height., Atmospheric conditions were characterized using a 10 m tower upstream of the turbine, while a vertical rake of sonic anemometers clustered around the hub height on a downstream tower measured the wake. Data was collected over the course of seven months, during varying stability conditions, and with five different turbine configurations, including a single turbine at three different positions, two turbines in a column, and three turbines in a column. Presented are results showing the behavior of the wake (particularly the wake interface), for unstable, stable, and neutral conditions. It is observed that the swirl in the wake causes mixing of the inflow leading to a constant density profile in the wake leading to density jumps at the wake interfaces for stratified inflow. Contrasting spectral characteristics of the flow in the wake with respect to stability will be presented.
Amir Zare Shahneh
Cranfield University
UK
Title: Active flow controller to exetend lamianr flow region on aircraft wing
Biography:
Amir Zare Shahneh joined the Aerospace Engineering Department at Cranfield University to research and lecture in airframe systems design in 2009. He lectures on topics including hydraulics, pneumatics, flight control actuation systems and aerodynamics, as well as providing supervision on related student projects. He is also acting as project examiner and independent Academic Representative to monitor the progress of students. Dr Shahneh has a record of published papers and contributes to journal and conference papers. He is a member of the Royal Aeronautical Society.
Abstract:
This study introduces Laminar Flow Control systems and by employing the fundamental equations required, to achieve the required levels of suction across a wing to efficiently suppress flow. A novel system was designed that could be incorporated into the leading edge of large civil aircraft or adapted to suit alternative aircraft using a combination of active and passive suction methods. The active system uses electric or bleed air powered turbocompressors to provide the required levels of suction, whereas the passive system automatically produces suction by introducing ducting from the high pressure region at the leading edge to the low pressure region at the underside of the wing. This method reduced the overall power requirement of the active system. Analysis of the design, including the impact of the system weight and fuel penalties found that the system could save over 5.5% of fuel during long-range flights, equivalent to up to 4,000 N of additional payload.
Galina Ilieva
Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technology
Portugal
Title: A nozzle for vectorized thrust
Biography:
Galina Ilieva is Ph.D. and master engineer in Mechanical Engineering from the Technical University of Varna, Bulgaria. Also, she holds Research Master Degree in “Turbo machinery and propulsion systems†from von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (Belgium). She specialized in Rosendorf Research Centre in Germany, Sakaria University, Turkey and awards for elaboration of effective methodologies for numerical research of flows and long lasting exploitation of turbine blades. Dr. Galina Ilieva has worked as Senior Researcher in CFD laboratory-Varna and Professor Assistant in Technical University of Varna. She has been involved as a lead researcher in many national and international projects. Dr. Galina Ilieva is responsible and performs research activities in European FP7 contracts – Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technology, Portugal. She is also researcher in R&D scientific organization for innovation, research and implementation in aerospace, marine and mechanical engineering. She has published more than 25 papers on CFD analysis, aero- and thermodynamics, innovative propulsion systems, design and air-vehicles and platforms and others. Her research interests are in the area of innovative propulsion systems, aerodynamics, turbulence, CFD coding, turbo machinery, air-vehicles, high-altitude platforms, blade design, green energy, etc.
Abstract:
Air-jets, laterally injected into a high-speed flow through axisymmetric convergent – divergent nozzle are investigated to present the effects of the air thrust vectoring within the framework of an innovative propulsive system. The very complex 3D flow field parameters distribution and character aerodynamic features were studied. For the purposes of the numerical analysis, Fluent code with additionally implemented user-defined file, is applied. Different nozzle geometries, models with injected high-speed lateral streams are numerically simulated to determine how parameters and flow conditions affect the thrust vectoring. Valuable experimental data were compared with the results obtained from the numerical simulations. The laterally injected air-jets are an innovative concept for thrust vectoring that could has various applications in practice.
ABENE Abderrahmane
University of Valenciennes
France
Title: Study visualization strectures troubillonnaires above the cone of revolution
Biography:
ABENE Abderrahmane is currently working as a professor in University of Valenciennes.
Abstract:
A large number of studies of flow visualisations, developed on the upper surface of delta or gothic wings and of cones, have been carried out in the wind tunnel of the Valenciennes University aerodynamics and hydrodynamics laboratory. These studies have provided a better understanding of the development and the positioning of vortex structures and have enabled, in particular, the preferential nature of intervortex angles, thereby defined, to be determined. Such a notable angular characterisation has revealed, in the case of delta and gothic wings, the existence of a simple law, that of filiation, which finds expression in an angular correspondence between the main vortex torque and the leading edges of the wing. The study of the vortical structures developed on the upper surface of cones has produced an equally simple definition, also called the law of filiation, which, by analogy, is applicable to an angular correspondence between the main and the secondary vortex torques. This paper, which limits itself to discussing the case of a cone having an included angle of 68.6°, provides a detailed description of the phenomenon. However, no current theory seems to be able to give a straightforward explanation of these behavioural properties.
Amr Ahmed Ahmed Elfeky
Cairo University
Egypt
Title: Aerodynamic design of flanged diffuser wind turbine
Biography:
Amr Elfeky has completed his Master Degree at the age of 27 years from Faculty of Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Cairo University. He is the Researcher Assistant of National Research Center Egypt.
Abstract:
The objective of the current study is to design a flanged diffuser wind turbine for maximum power output. The study starts with the preliminary design of the turbine blades at 10 m/s wind speed and 350 rotational speed using the Blade Element Method to obtain an initial geometry of the turbine in terms of the blade twist and chord distribution along the blade span. NREL S823 and S822 airfoils are used at the turbine blade root and tip, respectively. A numerical investigation is performed to design the diffuser for maximum air speed inside the diffuser. The Numerical investigations are carried out for the flow fields inside the flanged diffuser using the ANSYS FLUENT commercial package based on finite volume method to solve Navier Stokes Equations and the k-ε turbulent model. The numerical investigations are done to study the effect of the diffuser expansion angle, the diffuser length and flange height on the flow field. The velocity contours, static pressure contours and streamlines are presented. 165300 grid cells are used in the study. The results showed that increasing the diffuser expansion angle leads to accelerating the flow through the diffuser when the diffuser angles are between 0° and 12°. After that, the expansion angle effect becomes negligible as the secondary fluid circulation is generated near the end of the diffuser and grows with the expansion angle. Also increasing the diffuser length accelerates the flow entering the diffuser until the diffuser length to inlet diameter ratio L/D reaches a value of 1.25. After that, a recirculation zone is formed at the end of the diffuser. The simulations show that a high pressure region is formed in front of the flange and a low pressure region is generated behind it. The intensity and area coverage of these regions increase as the flange height increases. Thus, the overall flow speed inside the diffuser increases till flange height to diffuser diameter ratio reaches 0.75. The designed diffuser increases the velocity inside the diffuser to 2.2 times the free stream velocity. By studying the load effect on the diffuser it is concluded that the best diffuser load is estimated to be in the range of 0.4 to 0.95. Comparison of the computed results with the experimental data shows good agreement. Finally, the wind turbine is simulated numerically to study the turbine performance with and without the diffuser. The simulations of the free turbine are performed at uniform wind speed of 10m/s. The rotational velocity is assumed to be 350 rpm. A single reference frame model (SRF) is used to simulate the incompressible, steady state flow field. The standard Spalart-Almaras model with Vorticity Based is selected for the turbulence production. 4.5 million structured and unstructured cells are used in the simulation. The results of the numerical simulation are compared with those obtained using the blade element method for the free turbine. The comparisons show good agreement. Numerical simulations of NREL phase II are also performed for the sake of validation of the adopted numerical method. The results show a good agreement with experimental data. Finally, the wind turbine with the flanged diffuser is simulated numerically assuming an inlet wind speed of 5 m/s and 350 rpm. It is found that the power generated increases to five times the power generated by the free wind turbine.
Yassir A. Awad Elkarim
Cairo University
Egypt
Title: Implementation of panel method to the solution of potential flow around aircraft
Biography:
Yassir A. awadElkarim, Sudan, May 19, 1975, B.Sc. 2001 in Aeronautical Engineering, Karary University, Sudan and M.Sc.2009 in Aeronautical Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt.Now a Ph.D Student in, Aeronautical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Egypt.
Abstract:
In this study a panel method is used as a numerical technique for the solution of the potential three dimensional flows about a complete aircraft configuration to determine the aerodynamic characteristics. This approach seems to be more economical, from the computational point of view, than methods that solve the flow field in the whole fluid volume such as finite difference, finite element or finite volume techniques. A system of source and doublet distributions is implemented and Dirichlet boundary conditions are applied. A computer program using Matlab is developed. Firstly flow over three dimensional swept wings is solved and the results are compared with experimental data to validate the numerical panel code. After the ideas have been discussed a sample calculations around aircraft are presented to illustrate the gain of using panel method technique.