Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Ramesh K. Agarwal
Washington University in St. Louis
USA
Keynote: Shape optimization of axisymmetric bodies in hypersonic reactive flow for minimizing drag and heat transfer
Time : 08:00-08:30
Biography:
Ramesh K. Agarwal is the William Palm Professor of Engineering and the director of Aerospace Research and Education Center at Washington University in St. Louis. From 1994 to 2001, he was the Sam Bloomfield Distinguished Professor and Executive Director of the National Institute for Aviation Research at Wichita State University in Kansas. From 1978 to 1994, he worked in various scientific and managerial positions at McDonnell Douglas Research Laboratories in St. Louis. He became the Program Director and McDonnell Douglas Fellow in 1990. Dr. Agarwal received Ph.D in Aeronautical Sciences from Stanford University in 1975, M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1969 and B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India in 1968. He is the author and coauthor of over 400 publications and serves on the editorial board of 20+ journals. He has given many plenary, keynote and invited lectures at various national and international conferences worldwide. Professor Agarwal continues to serve on many academic, government, and industrial advisory committees. Dr. Agarwal is a Fellow of sixteen societies including the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), American Association for Advancement of Science (AAAS), American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), American Physical Society (APS), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Royal Aeronautical Society and American society for Engineering Education (ASEE). He has received many prestigious honors and national/international awards from various professional societies and organizations for his research contributions.
Abstract:
A large design concern for high-speed vehicles such as next generation launch vehicles or reusable space vehicles is the drag and heat transfer experienced at hypersonic velocities. In this paper, the optimized shapes for minimum drag and heat transfer for axisymmetric bodies are developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software in conjunction with a multi-objective genetic algorithm. For flow field calculations, the commercial flow solver ANSYS FLUENT is employed to solve the unsteady compressible Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations using several turbulence models, namely the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) model, the SST k-ω model and the transitional flow model k-kl-ϵ. The results from these models are compared to determine their accuracy for drag and heat transfer predictions. The hypersonic body shapes are optimized for minimum drag and heat transfer using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. Both cases with air in equilibrium and thermochemical non-equilibrium are considered. For air in thermochemical non-equilibrium, a seven species (N, O, N2, O2, NO, NO+ and e-)chemical reaction model is considered. The shape optimization results for a blunt body with a spherical nose are presented.Nearly 25~30% reduction in drag and 18~20% reduction in heat transfer is obtained for the optimized shape compared to the original shape; slight variationsin reduction in drag and heat transfer are due to the fact whether the air is in equilibrium or in non-equilibrium.
Keynote Forum
Yun Wang
University of California, Irvine
USA
Keynote: An experimental and modeling study on redox flow batteries
Time : 08:30 - 09:00
Biography:
Yun Wang received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Peking University in 1998 and 2001, respectively. In 2001, he went to the Pennsylvania State University where he obtained his Ph.D degree in Mechanical Engineering in 2006. Right after his PhD study, Wang joined the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering faculty at the University of California, Irvine. In 2012, Wang was promoted as associated professor. He is currently the director of the Renewable Energy Resources Lab with research focuses on PEM fuel cell, new battery, microfluidics, and thermal transport.
Abstract:
Flow batteries are a rechargeable electrochemical energy system, in which electrolytes contain one or more dissolved electroactive species, and the chemical energy in electrolytes is reversibly converted to electricity. Flow battery technology offers advantages in energy storage and conversion, including: 1.) large capacity (determined by the external tank volume); 2.) negligible degradation when left completely discharged for long periods; 3.) charge/recharge through electrolyte replacement or external power source; and 4.) no permanent damage when electrolytes are accidentally mixed. Among the major types of flow batteries, the vanadium redox flow battery is a type of rechargeable flow battery that employs vanadium ions at different oxidation states to store chemical potential energy.rnrn In this talk, we introduce our ongoing research on Redox Flow Batteries (RFB), including analyses to evaluate dilute solution assumption, pore-level transport resistance, pumping power, and time constants. A model is developed to describe the dynamic system of a RFB and consists of a set of partial differential equations of mass, momentum, species, charges, and energy conservation, in conjunction with the electrode’s electrochemical reaction kinetics. The model, validated against experimental data, predicts fluid flow, concentration increase/decrease, temperature contours and local reaction rate. Experiment was also conducted to show the cyclability. Fig. 1 presents the validation of the model for flow battery at the stage of charge, idling, and discharge.
- Track 8: Design and Development of Rockets; Track 9: Space Engineering; Track 15: Applications of Aerospace Technology
Session Introduction
Mark A. Skinner
The Boeing Company
USA
Title: Orbital debris: What are the best near-term actions to take? a view from the field
Time : 09:05-09:25
Biography:
Mark Skinner joined Boeing in 1999 as a senior scientist and technical manager with the Science & Analysis (S&A) team on Maui, Hawaii, where Boeing operates the Maui Space Surveillance System for the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The S&A group conducts research into observational and analysis techniques to advance the state of the art in space surveillance. In 2015 he joined Boeing Research & Technology in Albuquerque NM.
Abstract:
The geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite belt is a unique location above the earth affording a continuous line-of-sight to satellite uplink and downlink stations. The volume defined by this belt is large, but available slots are limited. During the last fifty years of the space age, this volume has become more crowded, as humankind has launched more and more satellites into this particular orbital regime, and satellites that suffered incapacitating anomalies and space debris have remained in the belt. The latter pose a hazard since they are uncontrolled, and the only way for satellite operators to avoid collisions with space objects is to maneuver. Knowing when and where to maneuver requires space situational awareness (SSA), but this is just one aspect needed to maintain safety of flight in this very valuable orbital regime. This paper reports on, from the point of view of an SSA practitioner, what the key issues and dangers surrounding the current situation in the GEO belt are, and what the best possible set of near-term actions could be, involving international cooperation (through bodies such as the UN COPUOS), data sharing between actors in the space arena, public and private sector SSA efforts, and nascent research efforts into active space debris removal. Where should limited available resources be applied to affect the best possible outcome?
Richard Fork
University of Alabama Huntsville
USA
Title: Asteroid redirection using synchronized femtosecond pulse trains
Time : 09:25-09:45
Biography:
Richard Fork received a PhD in Physics from MIT in 1962, worked as Member of Technical Staff in the Quantum Electronics Department at AT&T Bell Laboratories from 1962 to 1990, was Professor in the Physics Department of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute from 1990 to 1994 and is currently, 1994 to the present, Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at University of Alabama in Huntsville. He has over 150published technical papers listed on Research Gate. These include the original demonstration of laser modelocking as well asa number of the original advances in generation and application of modelocked laserpulses. Inventions include the first optical pulse of 6 femtosecond duration and the colliding pulse laser, which was the first laser operating well into the femtosecond time regime. Grant Bergstue is a PhD student in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at University of Alabama in Huntsville.
Abstract:
We examine use ofmultiple synchronized trains of energetic femtosecond duration optical pulses to redirect an asteroid discovered on short notice on collision course with Earth. We find such delivery,entirely in the vacuum and microgravity of space canclosely approach the maximum possible efficiency of redirection. Such efficiency would not be possible, e.g., in the atmosphere of Earth. This optimal application of the redirecting energy is, however, still challenging. One demanding requirement is precision of both location and timing of multiple ablation events usinga minimum of three simultaneous delivered energetic femtosecond optical pulses for each ablation event. Another challenge is undesirable loss in optically absorbing ejecta generated by the focused optical pulses. These ejecta are an inherent complication of the ablative propulsive event.We find this source of loss, however, appearslargely avoidable by use of a combination of sufficiently short duration optical pulses and optimal timingand positioning of deliveryevents.In addition the average number of ablative propulsive events per unit time, which must be precisely timed and positioned, is large. We suggest,while such an engineering task appears extremely demandingit canbe achievedusing currently evolving means of delivering large numbers of femtosecond pulses per unit time. We consider specifically the problem of redirecting a 10,000 metric ton asteroid such as struck Earth near Chelyabinsk, Russia in 2013. We find, e.g.,four months of precisely delivered optical energy at 10 kW average power could, at least in principle, have entirely prevented that collision.
Shawn Paul Boike
America Industrial Consultants
USA
Title: Aerospace & Engineering the World’s Future?
Time : 09:45-10:05
Biography:
Shawn Boike has directed, managed, consulted & lead teams for professionally worked in, for the Technological leaders of fortune 100’s; NASA, NSF, Boeing, General Dynamics, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman Parker Aerospace, PPG Aerospace, Honeywell, HCL Aerospace, AAR, GM, FORD, and McDonnell Douglas, the USAF’s IMIP.With over 30 industrious years experience engineering in Aerospace & Product Development, (17+ Aircraft) on the B2 Bomber, USAF One, F20, F18, C17, MD11, T45, MD90, MRUAV, 777. 787, 747-8, etc., Apache helicopter, 4 Rocket ships; SLS, ALS, Atlas II, Atlas IIAS, Manager on EV's; GM-EV1, Samsungs EV4, India’s Mina REVA and many other high tech programs. Founder of: American Industrial Consultants & Solution Vehicles Co., Author and gained a BSME from MSU and a MBA from San SDSU.
Abstract:
Aerospace & Engineering the World’s Future explores & explains how we have improved the World and the Future of what is to come in the next 50-100 years. How aerospace engineering can help solve World problem for Water, Weather, Weapons (eventually eliminate), Communications & Energy. Energy From Space Program, refers to the concept of a space system that collects solar power via photovoltaic & mirrors then transmits it to ground collection stations using visible or microwave radiation. Most important to me & US is to back the US Dollar with the Future of Energy & Economy. Building the Space Solar Power Transmission Systems with >500+ Smaller Satellites with morphing mirrors can produce over 25 Terawatts and power most of the entire World for many decades & centuries. In addition we can beam down the power via lasers and create efficient, affordable desalination salt water to places worldwide. We can also start to control/tame weather by overlapping beams/rays and even some known frequencies causing convection and using upper currents to move it to rain where there are droughts including eliminating tornadoes & bad hurricanes. We can make Space Death rays for vaporizing threats from space (similar to Reagan’s Star Wars dream), also vaporize those threats which cannot be captured (space debris), additionally send a beam out to our Mars or outer planetary transport.
Veronica La Regina
Italian Space Agency
Italy
Title: Systems engineering approach and space technology transfer: The role of international relations and public policy
Time : 10:20-10:40
Biography:
Veronica La Regina is Senior Researcher at the Italian Space Agency in Rome (Italy). She is in charge of business coaching for the start-ups coming from the commercial exploitation of space-based technologies. She works closely with academic, public and private business incubators to make successful of the start-up phases. She adopts quantitative and qualitative methodologies leveraging on soft- and hard-skills of the team-members in order to establish a collaborative and promising work environment. Her international experiences (Europe, Americas and Asia) makes her sensitive to intercultural and inter-gender issues for developing the global business strategies. She holds Master Degree in Systems Engineering (2015) at the University Tor Vergata in Rome, Master Degree in Institutions and Space Policy (2009) at Italian Society for International Organizations (SIOI) in Rome, PhD Studies in Economic Sciences (2004) at State University of Milan, Graduate Studies in Maths and Statistics (2001) at University of Rome “Sapienza” and Graduation in Law (1999) at LUISS G. Carli in Rome
Abstract:
Nowadays, the space budget are getting more and more tight for the developed Space faring nations and at the same time new emerging nations plan space activities and related budgets. For this purpose, the justification of public expenditures for space activities is becoming relevant for assuring continuity, maintenance and improvement of space capacity and capability. In this context the socio-economic multiplier of the investments can support the choice of policy makers, thus the expenditure for space-based technologies shall be exploited for several purpose due to favorable policy for technology transfer, e. g. spin-offs and integrated applications, combined with international relations’ actions. The development of space-based technology, encompassing even the technology transfers’ requirements for potential global customers, promises more successful outcomes and most likely contribute to the scientific, technological and industrial leadership and competitiveness of the nation. The paper aims to describe a systems engineering matrix with the requirements to an international space technology transfer and it concludes with a set of policy recommendations.
Biography:
Edwin Zong has completed his Medical Degree from Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine and New York College of Osteopathic Medicine. He is the Medical director of Oasis Medical Group Inc., He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Our universe’s mechanism might very well be exquisitely simple, as John Wheeler once said, \"Some principle uniquely right and uniquely simple must, when one knows it, be also so obvious that it is clear that the universe is built, and must be built, in such and such a way and that it could not possibly be otherwise.\" Our universe’s evolutional path could very well be endless, overwhelming all tabloid writers; however, our simplicity may prevail once again, as Einstein sums it all up with “one†striking yet seductively simple equation: E=MC². Our universe is overwhelmingly beautiful; however, all beauty starts from a single sprout. The author has traced her beauty all the way back to a “single†seed-photon. Our universe’s energy is overwhelmingly powerful; however, all potency starts from a “single†spark-photon. The “Two in One†package has always been glorified for our highest majesty. Few will argue photons are electromagnetic/radiation power. Many, however, deny photon’s mass status. In this paper, the author will assure you that photon is mass, which also happens to serve the base for all gravitational power/positional energy that exists today after a big bang. Furthermore, the conservation law of energy dictates that all nuclear power (strong or weak) existing after a big bang derives from a big bang’s photons/radiation as well. The primary objective of this study is to uncover the unified origin for both mass and energy in the universe along with their evolutionary path in the discipline of Newtonian physics.
Biography:
Edwin Zong has completed his Medical Degree from Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine and New York College of Osteopathic Medicine. He is the Medical director of Oasis Medical Group Inc., He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Our universe’s mechanism might very well be exquisitely simple, as John Wheeler once said,Some principle uniquely right and uniquely simple must, when one knows it, be also so obvious that it is clear that the universe is built, and must be built, in such and such a way and that it could not possibly be otherwise. Our universe’s evolutional path could very well be endless, overwhelming all tabloid writers; however, our simplicity may prevail once again, as Einstein sums it all up with “one” striking yet seductively simple equation: E=MC².Our universe is overwhelmingly beautiful; however, all beauty starts from a single sprout. The author has traced her beauty all the way back to a “single” seed-photon. Our universe’s energy is overwhelmingly powerful; however, all potency starts from a “single” spark-photon. The “Two in One” package has always been glorified for our highest majesty. Few will argue photons are electromagnetic/radiation power. Many, however, deny photon’s mass status. In this paper, the author will assure you that photon is mass, which also happens to serve the base for all gravitational power/positional energy that exists today after a big bang. Furthermore, the conservation law of energy dictates that all nuclear power (strong or weak) existing after a big bang derives from a big bang’s photons/radiation as well. The primary objective of this study is to uncover the unified origin for both mass and energy in the universe along with their evolutionary path in the discipline of Newtonian physics.
Kathleen Morse
Yosemite Space Groveland
USA
Title: Single event effects induced by high energy protons in gumstix computer on module technology
Time : 11:00-11:20
Biography:
Morse is the majority owner of Yosemite Space located in Groveland, CA since 2012. She also leads the “Evaluation of Gumstix Computer on Module in Low Earth Orbit”. In this program, Gumstix technology is being evaluated for radiation effects in ground and space based radiation studies. Dr. Morse earned a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 2003 in Materials Science and Engineering with a concentration in Solid State Physics. From January 2005 to January of 2012, Dr. Morse has served as a Principal Investigator in Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company on several programs.
Abstract:
Current radiation hard by processing and radiation hard by design computers used in satellites are several generations behind the state-of-the-art terrestrial computer processors. They are larger, heavier, more costly, and use more power. An alternative is to use fault tolerant architectures composed of non-radiation hardened commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) processors such as the Gumstix Computer on Module (COM). The Gumstix is gumstick-sized, computationally powerful, low cost, and a versatile COTS computer that can be integrated into fault tolerant space computers to support computationally demanding applications.Yosemite Space is investigating Gumstix performance in both proton radiation testing and space testing in “The Evaluation of Gumstix in Low-Earth Orbit” program funded through the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS). The proton test study is focused on predicting the rate of single event effects (SEEs) from protons for three model of Gumstix in the low-Earth orbit (LEO) space environment.Results show no significant difference in SEU rates between Gumstix models. In addition, Earth and SandSTORM had similar SEFI rates. Data was insufficient to determine the Water SEFI Abstract for: “Single Event Effects Induced by High Energy Protons in Gumstix Computer on Module Technology” 2 rate. The SEL rate for SandSTORM is also presented. Data from Earth is insufficient to determine the SEL rate. The Water model did not exhibit latch-up during testing. In addition, no catastrophic latch-up was observed from any of the three models tested.
Peter Simon Sapaty
National Academy of Sciences
Ukraine
Title: Integral spatial intelligence for advanced terrestrial and celestial missions
Time : 11:20-11:40
Biography:
Peter Sapaty, chief research scientist, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, is with networking for 45 years. Worked in Germany, UK, Canada and Japan as Alexander von Humboldt awardee, project leader, and special invited professor, created and chaired SIG on mobile technologies within DIS project in the US. Invented high-level distributed control technology tested in different countries and resulted in European Patent and two John Wiley books, with third one in progress. Published more than 170 scientific papers on distributed system organizations. Served as keynote speaker, tutorial, workshop, or conference leader; currently engaged in different international journals (as EiC including).
Abstract:
The 21st century is believed to have an increasing activity in exploration of both Earth and beyond, also growing demands to local and global security, which will require advanced ground, air, and space operations. Many will need to be distributed, cooperative, flexible, self-recovering, global goal-oriented, automated up to fully automatic, etc., with massive use of unmanned components. A novel ideology and related distributed control technology will be revealed that effectively cover these demands, being based on integral, holistic, gestalt-like comprehension of distributed worlds rather than traditional multi-agent and interoperability principles treating systems as communicating parts. It allows us to catch top semantics of advanced ground, air, and space missions in a high-level Spatial Grasp Language (SGL) which is cooperatively interpreted in distributed systems in parallel, self-spreading, virus-like mode, spatially matching them. This shifts most of traditional system routines, including partitioning, infrastructures creation, overall management and command and control, to automatic language interpretation. Details of SGL and is distributed interpretation mechanisms will be revealed along with exemplary tasks programmed within different researched applications. The latter include: formalized command and control simplifying engagement of multinational forces and gradual transition to distributed robotized systems; multiple mobile sensors scattered over large territories and behaving altogether as a spatial supercomputer operating under local and restricted communications, also without central control; integrated air & missile defense individually tracing multiple moving objects (e.g. cruise missiles) with overall runtime defense resources optimization. On an agreement, the technology can be quickly ported on any platform needed.
Biography:
Antoine FADDOUL is a Designer, Artist, Futurist, and Storyteller, with a multidisciplinary approach combining elements of astronomy, natural sciences, archaeology, history, art, ancient mythology, and linguistics. He has lectured, written, and published dozens of papers, articles, and books covering such areas. In his project Starship Gliina, Faddoul compiled the one hundred aspects of design required for deep space manned travel assessing sustainability for current and future technology. Faddoul holds a bachelor degree in Architecture and an MS in Construction Project Management.
Abstract:
The conventional aspects of design reach distinctive levels when considering extended manned-space journeys. Although space travel started decades ago, space design has been limited to short distance and short term trips, considering that the farthest manned trip was to the moon taking few days each way. Adding the human factor to the equation drags a long list of social and psychological features to be considered. A hundred design items related to three main areas; structure, environment, and human needs were evaluated assessing their requirements to achieve sustainable spacecraft with longer durability, minimal maintenance, and self-sufficiency. Items were analyzed according to their status whether current technology, developing technology, or future technology. Each item was mapped according to how the science, technology, and design behind it would evolve in the upcoming years. The items are mostly associated with functions of Earthlings daily needs, reevaluated to be suitable for space travel. Such approach provides comprehensive futuristic scenarios through surveying the progress status of each item to help answering questions including: How is the structure of a spacecraft affected by the social aspects of its crew? How much more time is anticipated for each item to be ready for testing? How do the inhabitants of a spaceship foster their daily functions and needs over the span of a mission? How will social life onboard develop compared to that on Earth? How would we evolve into a spacefaring society while the technology is being developed?
Daniel Choi
Masdar Institute of Science and Technology
United Arab Emirates
Title: Navigation-grade micro gyroscope for space applications
Biography:
Daniel Choi received his B.S. in Metallurgical Engineering from Seoul National University (South Korea) and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from UCLA. Dr. Choi worked as a staff member for three years at the Aerospace Corporation and as a task manager for nine years at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)/NASA. Prior to joining the Masdar Institute, he was an associate professor and program director of the Materials Science and Engineering program for 2007-2013 at University of Idaho (USA). Currently, he is Department Head of the Mechanical and Materials Engineering in the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Abstract:
Navigation, guidance and control systems in spacecrafts require gyroscope to maintain orientation in flight even in case of undesired interference. Particularly, the measurement of the angular motion of a satellite in the space is crucial for the control and stabilization of its attitude. Space systems employing a gyroscope should include the control and processing appropriate electronics to provide the most direct method for sensing inertial angular velocity. Navigation systems for spacecraft require gyroscope with a sensitivity as low as 10-100o/s, attitude and heading reference systems in the airplane use 1o/s gyroscope, while precision inertial navigation systems such as spacecrafts and satellites need a sensitivity value as high as 0.01-0.001o/s. In order to meet the space requirements, we are developing an innovative, affordable, miniature, low-power, navigation-grade integrated micro gyroscope that applies proven technology to achieve the performance, size, power, and cost objectives for space applications. Our proposed 3D design of devices enables (1) omni-directional detection, (2) an easier-mobile function (small size, magnetically guided by coating with magnetic materials), (3) a self-powering function (equipped with nano-energy devices), and (4) easier transmitting the sensing data (equipped with wireless communication devices), (5) densification and better spatial resolving power (enabling 3D integration).
Biography:
Junwoo Choi has completed his Master’s degree at the age of 28 years and now he is a PhD student atKorea Aerospace University. Hemajoredthe aerospace engineering and is especially interested in the space mechanism. He has published more than 5 papers in reputed journals and has registered more than 3 patents.
Abstract:
In recent years, the risk from space debris, which includes spent rocket stages, old satellites and fragments from disintegration, erosion and collisions, have been highlightedas the number of satellites on the operation orbit increases extremely. To solve the riskdue to space debris, drag sailshave been proposed to make retired satellites re-enter the atmosphere after mission lifetime being over. In this article, an origami-inspired drag sail is invented to realize ultralightsail with low stowed volume. To enable the drag-sail to deploy from low stowed volumeto the maximum area,an iso-area flasher and spinner flasher origami methods were employed.Then, we analyzedeploymentarea per unit volume according to the origami technique. For 3m x 3m sail, consequently, it can be designed to have deployment ratio of 89.8 from 1U volume. In order to confirm design idea, an origami-inspired drag sail is fabricatedby attaching tape spring to the valley of origami. Finally, deployment experiment is carried out to check interferences between boom(tape spring) and sailduring deployment. Conclusively, the tape springas a substitute of traditional motor based CFRP boomsuccessfully deploys the proposed origami-inspired drag sail.
- Track 3: Airship Design and Development; Track 4: Flight Vehicle Navigation; Track 5: Vehicle Systems and Technologies; Track 6: Design and Modelling of Aircraft and Helicopter Engines
Session Introduction
Kevin R. Anderson
Cal Poly Pomona
USA
Title: Fluid-Structure interaction (fsi) analysis of a solar powered UAV
Time : 11:45-12:05
Biography:
Kevin R. Anderson obtained his BSME in Mechanical Engineering at Cal Poly Pomona in 1991, MSME in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Colorado at Boulder, and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1998. He holds a PE license and over 15 years of practical engineering experience. He has a variety of publications in Renewable Energy, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and Thermal Control Systems. He is also a Faculty Part Time Sr. Thermal Engineer at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Dr. Anderson has published 20 refereed journal articles and 60 conference proceedings.
Abstract:
An electric motor UAV aircraft with a 10 foot wing span used for investigating various schemes for hybrid power efficiency including solar cells and magnet in coil vibration response power generators has been developed at Cal Poly Pomona’s Aerospace Engineering Department. The vibration generators can be positioned inside the wing at various locations to be excited by gusts and control surface pulses to produce structural vibrations to produce power to the aircraft storage devices. An FSI / FEM study was performed by the Non-linear FEA/CFD Multiphysics Simulation Lab team in Cal Poly Pomona’s Mechanical Engineering department in order to: 1) Optimize the locations of the magnet in coil generators. Since the generators are a bit heavy they affect the frequencies and mode shapes of the wing. The end goal is to find the wing span and cord locations where the vibration modes offer the highest response magnitudes to excite the vibration generators. 2) Identify the wing frequencies so the magnet-spring-coil natural oscillation frequency can be tuned by selecting the springs stiffness that suspend the magnet to match the wing frequency. This tuning will be used to amplify the motion of the magnet oscillation due to a wing vibration. 3) Study an in flight the tail flutter problem. The research team will present its findings from a non-linear ANSYS/Fluent based Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the Solar Powered UAV. Results for drag, lift, von Mises stresses, and critical modes of vibration will presented. Results of the FSI used to design the solar powered aircraft will be summarized.
Jonathan Blackledge
University of KwaZulu-Natal
South Africa
Title: Radar screening using weakly ionized plasmas
Time : 12:05-12:25
Biography:
Jonathan Blackledge is Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Research at the University of KwaZulu-Natal and holds a PhD in Theoretical Physics from London University and a PhD in Mathematics from the University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. He has published over 250 scientific and engineering research papers including 14 books, has filed 15 patents and 18 Technologies to License, 5 of which have been used to establish new start-up companies. A past supervisor to over 200 MSc/MPhil and 56 PhD research graduates, he holds Fellowships with leading Institutes and Societies in the UK including the Institute of Physics, the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, the British Computer Society and the Institution of Engineering and Technology.
Abstract:
Since its original development in the late 1930s, Radio Detection and Ranging or Radar has been used for many years to detect airborne objects using ground and/or airborne platforms. The use of stealth technology for suppressing the detection of aerospace vehicles by Radar has been the subject of intensive research since the early 1970s following the development of radar-guided surface-to-air missiles in the 1960s. Based on ideas first introduced in 1974 at Lockhead’s advanced engineering laboratories, the technology is based on two principal aspects: (i) design features; (ii) advanced radar absorbing materials and coatings. This seminar explores another complementary technology based on attempting to cloak an aerospace vehicle in a weakly ionised plasma cloud. For weakly ionized plasmas, the conductivity is determined by the number-density of electrons. Based on this result, a model is developed for electron beam induced plasmas that includes the effect of cascade ionization and losses due to diffusion and recombination. Simulated results are then derived for the number density of a plasma screen over a sub-sonic and super-sonic aerospace vehicle.
Weiwen Deng
Jilin University
China
Title: Allocation-based fault tolerant control with actuator dynamics for X-by-wire electric vehicles
Time : 12:25-12:45
Biography:
This talk is to present a novel fault-tolerant control method based on control allocation via dynamic constrained optimization for electric vehicles with X-by-Wire (XBW) systems. The total vehicle control command is first derived based on interpretation on driver's intention as a set of desired vehicle body forces, which is further dynamically distributed to the control command of each actuator among vehicle four corners. In the proposed method, both actuator dynamics and input/output constraints are fully taken into consideration in the control design. Other objectives include minimizing the power consumption and the slew rate of the actuator outputs. As a result, this leads to frequency-dependent allocation that reflects the bandwidth of each actuator. A dynamic constrained optimization method is proposed with the cost function set to be a linear combination of multiple control objectives, such that the control allocation problem is transformed into a linear programming formulation. An analytical yet explicit solution is then derived, which not only provides a systematic approach in handling the actuation faults, but also is efficient and real-time feasible for in-vehicle implementation. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is valid and effective in maintaining vehicle operation and in improving the actuator response and subsequently the handling performance as expected even with faults.
Abstract:
This talk is to present a novel fault-tolerant control method based on control allocation via dynamic constrained optimization for electric vehicles with X-by-Wire (XBW) systems. The total vehicle control command is first derived based on interpretation on driver's intention as a set of desired vehicle body forces, which is further dynamically distributed to the control command of each actuator among vehicle four corners. In the proposed method, both actuator dynamics and input/output constraints are fully taken into consideration in the control design. Other objectives include minimizing the power consumption and the slew rate of the actuator outputs. As a result, this leads to frequency-dependent allocation that reflects the bandwidth of each actuator. A dynamic constrained optimization method is proposed with the cost function set to be a linear combination of multiple control objectives, such that the control allocation problem is transformed into a linear programming formulation. An analytical yet explicit solution is then derived, which not only provides a systematic approach in handling the actuation faults, but also is efficient and real-time feasible for in-vehicle implementation. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is valid and effective in maintaining vehicle operation and in improving the actuator response and subsequently the handling performance as expected even with faults.
Khaled Asfar
Jordan University of Science and Technology
Jordan
Title: Electromechanical vehicle direction sensor
Time : 13:15-13:35
Biography:
Khaled Asfar is a professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST). He received his Ph.D. degree from Virginia Tech in 1980, his M.S. from Virginia Tech in 1978, and his B.S. from Riyadh University in 1975He is currently the Director of the Center of Excellence for Innovative Projects at JUST University. He also manages the Technological Incubator at the Center. He was a visiting research scholar at the Aerospace Engineering Department at Texas A & M University in 2007/2008 and a visiting professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering/Purdue University from 2008 to 2010.
Abstract:
Global Positioning Systems on various land, marine, or aerial vehicles can malfunction in severe weather conditions such as snow storms, sand storms and the like. The proposed design solves this problem as it is not weather dependent. It relates to a vehicle electromechanical direction sensor that points to a pre-selected direction of travel of the vehicle. The electromechanical direction sensor of the present design can be used for guidance and/or control of ground vehicles on a certain prescribed path. This sensor can also be used in manned and unmanned vehicles including marine, submarine, and airborne vehicles. The vehicle direction of motion is derived from a differential mechanism powered from the rotational motion of two identical wheels installed on both sides of the vehicle. The electromechanical direction sensor comprises essentially two wheels, a plurality of bevel gears, a differential mechanism, a rotary potentiometer, a bridge amplifier, and a microcontroller. The sensor of the present invention operates efficiently regardless of the place and the weather conditions.
Antonio O. Dourado
Federal University of Santa Catarina Brazil
Title: One versus two: adifferent philosophy in simulated combat training
Time : 13:35-13:55
Biography:
Antonio O. Dourado is a professor of Flight Dynamics in the Aerospace Engineering Course at Federal University of Santa Catarina, Braziland editor of the journal Applied Physics Research. He obtained his doctorate in Mechanical Engineering studying military Dynamic Flight Simulators in 2012. Also, he has designed several motion simulators for aeronautic and automotive applications.
Abstract:
Pilots in military aviation are subjected to extreme conditions, like high-g maneuvers and flight in high angle of attack. In this sense, pilots must have good physiologic resistance besides proficiency in aircraft systems and weapons. Some suggest that with next generation aircraft with stealth features, beyond visual range combat will rule the skies. That can be true, but considering the designs of both Russian T-50 and Chinese J-20 and J-31 that give importance to maneuverability and stealth, it is not difficult to imagine an air combat starting in bvr but finishing in a dogfight. With this possible situation in mind, within visual range combat can’t be neglected, and pilots must train hundreds of hours per year to achieve the desired proficiency in ACM. To present day, flight simulation in combat training has a separated approach regarding physiologic and tactical training: use of g-seats coupled with large field of view image projection for tactical training and centrifuges for physiologic training. The drawbacks are clear: g-seat can’t simulate extreme g-loads that undermine pilots stamina and current generation centrifuges (active or passive) can’t be properly used for combat training due limitations described in literature (i.e. motion sickness due Coriolis effect). If one could combine in a simulator, strengths of both systems in one new flight simulator, there’ll be a revolution in combat training.This paper proposes a change in paradigm in combat training, showing a new concept of flight simulator, considering that close combat will be still relevant in the near future
Pradip Majumdar
Northern Illinois University
USA
Title: Cold plate designs for Li-ion battery stack of an electric vehicle
Biography:
Pradip Majumdar is working as a Professor and Chair, Mechanical Engineering in Northern Illinois University. His Research interest includes Thermo-fluid Sciences, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Heat Transfer; Fuel Cell Energy and Battery Storage system, Solar Thermal Energy Systems; Hydrogen storage; Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media; Micro-Nanoscale Fluid Flow and Heat transfer; High Heat Flux Electronics Cooling, High Energy Laser Material Processing, CFD Analysis of Scour Formation, Blood flow in human arteries and stent design, and laser heating and treatments of biological tissues and tumors.
Abstract:
The demands for electric battery storage are increasing for greater use in electric vehicles and for greater energy storage needs for alternative energy sources and electric grid systems. The automobile industries account for a significant percent of the total fuel consumption in the US. The necessity for reducing fuel consumption and emissions led to the development of the hybrid electric, plug-in electric and all-electric vehicles, which uses a drive system consisting of electric battery storage, electric motors and regenerative braking system. Previous experimental and simulation studies at NIU indicate that at higher discharge and charge rates the battery performance decreases due to increased polarization losses, which results in increased internal heat generation and temperature rise of the lithium-ion battery. Temperature variation greatly affects the performance and capacity of the battery. Beyond certain temperature level thermal runaway will occur and thus increases temperature uncontrollably, causing serious safety problems. Thermal run-away is even more critical for automobile applications which involve very high discharge and charge rates during driving and fast charging conditions. An enhanced battery cooling scheme is required to achieve optimum battery performance. The objective of this study is to develop cold plate designs for Li-Ion battery stack of an electric vehicle for enhanced performance subjected to electric vehicle discharge rates associated with the driving conditions and high rates for fast charging of the battery using computer simulation analysis. A computer simulation model based on coupling a battery model that takes into account of the electrochemical kinetics and heat generation, and a CFD model for conjugate heat transfer will be used to investigate the thermal behavior and thermal management requirements of the battery under a variety of load conditions.
Chol-Bum “Mike†Kweon
U.S. Army Research Laboratory
USA
Title: Unmanned aerial system (UAS) engine research at U.S. army research laboratory
Biography:
Chol-Bum “Mike†Kweon completed his PhD from University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2002, worked for Gas Technology Institute, General Motors R&D, General Motors Powertrain, and Delphi Advanced Powertrain. He is the team leader of Power Generation Research Team at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. He has published more than 60 technical and journal papers and 31 intellectual properties. He teaches a graduate-level combustion course at Johns Hopkins University and an undergraduate Internal Combustion Engine class at University of Maryland-College Park. He also serves as technical POC and committee member in multiple DoD organizations and technical communities.
Abstract:
Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Engine Research at U.S. Army Research Laboratory: Demand for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) aircrafts is projected to increase dramatically in the near future. U.S. Army has four major UAS aircrafts with varying propulsion technologies from battery, rotary, to diesel engines. Selection of the technologies is currently based on the power range: small UAS powered with battery, medium with rotary engine (28 kW) with aviation gasoline, and large with Jet fuel powered diesel (119 kW) engine. Each technology has its own issues with a common issue of reliability. The major issue of the battery-power UAS aircraftis its weight and flight time with a huge burden on soldiers who need to carry the battery system. Rotary engine technology has its inherent seal issues due to its large contact areas, and it is difficult to efficiently burn heavy fuels due to its inherent low compression ratio. The diesel engine version is the most reliable but it still has significant reliability issues. One of the major issues may beinduced due to large fuel property variation of Jet fuels. For instance, Cetane number of Jet fuels varies from low 30 to over 50 in the battlefields which will have significant impact on ignition and combustion processes of UAS aircrafts at high altitudes. Abnormal combustion could lead to detonation which could damage the engines and lead to loss of aircrafts. In this presentation, the effects of fuel properties on UAS engine combustion will be presented. In addition, spray and combustion processes of different fuel properties will be presented both in experiment and 3D CFD.
Biography:
Gozdem Kilaz holds B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Chemical Engineering. Currently, she serves as the Chief Scientist for the Air Transport Institute for Environmental Sustainability (AirTIES). Her research is focused on aviation biofuels and sustainability. Her courtesy appointment with the Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE) research center provides collaboration between Colleges of Technology and Engineering. Gozdem is also one of 15 faculty fellows appointed by the Dean of Technology for the Purdue Polytechnic Initiative (PPI) targeting transformative innovation in learning. She teaches courses on Aviation Fuels, Research Methods in Aviation and Statics for Aero Structures.
Abstract:
Recent advancements in bio-energy production allowed increased use of liquid biofuels, introducing the advantages of reduced fossil fuel dependence, lower exhaust emissions and renewable feedstock options. These “drop-in†fuels, however also brought operational challenges for aviation as multiple novel chemicals come into contact with numerous airframe and power plant materials. One set of such challenges involve the fire safety of alternative fuels. The traditional firefighting foams may not be as effective on alternative aviation fuels; impacting the safety of the public and first responders. Purdue research team collaborated with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) division to investigate the “alternative aviation fuels-firefighting foams compatibilityâ€. The fuels studied are fossil derived jet fuel (Jet-A), Fischer-Tropsch (FT), Hydrogenated Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), Renewable Synthetic Iso-Paraffinic (SIP) jet fuels and one unleaded aviation gasoline (AvGas) replacement candidate. Each fuel sample was assigned a chemical identification demonstrating its complex composition determined by a Multidimensional Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy system (GCxGC/MS). Concurrently, each fuel was tested in a closed stainless steel combustion chamber to determine the burn characteristics which are: flammability limits, minimum ignition energy, and the rate of fire spread. Correlations between the chemical compositions and combustion parameters were developed which were further utilized for implementing the tactical and strategic adaptive methods for fighting the alternative aviation fuel fires. This project also accomplished the valuable fuel composition databank of sustainable aviation fuels which provided a great baseline for developing predictive models between fuel chemical/physical characteristics and performance criteria.
Yuebin Yu
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
USA
Title: Analysis of HVAC system oversizing in commercial buildings through field measurements
Biography:
Yuebin Yu's main field is smart building technology and sustainable energy system development, including automated continuous commissioning and advanced controls, web-based fault detection and diagnosis, virtual sensing and metering, cascaded energy systems with active utilization of passive technologies, model-based built environment evaluation. Dr. Yu graduated with a Ph.D. degree from Carnegie Mellon University. During his study at CMU, Dr. Yu has attended multiple government and industrial funded projects. He has published more than 18 journal articles and more than 10 peer reviewed conference papers. Dr. Yu is a member of ASME, ASHRAE, and IBPSA. He is an active and voting member in the Technical Committee 7.5 for Smart Building Systems and is participating the revision of ASHRAE Handbook on Fault Detection and Diagnostics. Before joining University of Nebraska-Lincoln, he had five years working experience including as a VAV product manager in Trox Air Conditioning Components Co., Ltd and a manager of engineering department in Guangzhou Refrigeration Equipment Institute.
Abstract:
This presentation depicts the oversizing issues of HVAC equipment in commercial buildings based on the data from long-time field measurements. Specifically, retail stores are selected as the typical commercial buildings to evaluate the status of equipment oversizing and its effect on energy consumption. Rooftop units (RTUs) in 12 retail stores located in different climatic regions are analyzed in terms of the oversizing status in both cooling and heating mode. The proposed method utilizes three parameters, namely cycling number (N), run time fraction (RTF), and maximum cycling number (Nmax) to jointly determine the performance of a RTU based on the annual design condition. The accuracy of the methodology is evaluated by self-validation in terms of uncertainty and compared with previous studies. The results can be used to evaluate the oversizing level of RTUs and quantify the average energy penalty of sample buildings. Designers can also use the findings as a reference to evaluate building load design. More importantly, the analytical process presented in this article can be automated and applied in the smart building management system for the advanced soft repair of an oversizing issue with RTUs.
Jose Luz Silveira
Sao Paulo State University
Brazil
Title: Experimental study of ethanol use in airplane engines
Biography:
He is Professor of Energy Department at College of Engineering Guaratinguetá; Sao Paulo State University FEG-UNESP; Professor of the Post-graduation Program Conversion and Transmission of Energy (FEG-UNESP); Coordinator of the Post-graduation Program Alternative Energy; Member of the Coordination Board of Research Institute in Bioenergy (IPBEN) UNESP and Coordinator of the Group of Optimization of Energy Systems: Conservation and Generation (GOSE). Mechanical Engineering at Federal University of Itajubá (1986), Bachelor in Mathematic at the Foundation of Research and Education of Itajubá, Faculty of Philosophy and Science (1985), Master in Mechanical Engineering at Federal University of Itajubá (1990) and Doctorate in Mechanical Engineering at the Campinas Estate University (UNICAMP)(1994). Has experience in Mechanical Engineering, focusing on Thermodynamics and Heat Transference, acting on the following subjects: Cogeneration, Thermo-Economic analysis, Fuel Cell Cogeneration Technical Analysis and Biofuels.
Abstract:
This work evaluates and quantifies the environmental impact from the use of aviation gasoline blended with ethanol in aeronautical internal combustion engines. For this a Lycoming IO-540-K1D5 engine has been used, working with different blends in order to measure performance characteristics and pollutant emissions of the system. The ecological efficiency concept is applied to evaluate the environmental impact by CO2, SO2, NOx and particulate material (PM) emissions considering the influence of fuel conversion efficiency and different flight conditions. The tested flight conditions were takeoff and cruise at 10,000 ft. Considering the measured thermal efficiency in each case, on the takeoff condition, the engine presents an ecological efficiency of 0.858 for gasoline and 0.914 for ethanol, and on the cruise condition, the engine presents an ecological efficiency of 0.842 for gasoline and 0.924 for ethanol.
Levenko Alexander Sergeyevich
Air-Space Agency, Magellan
Ukraine
Title: Research at rocket-space complex and orbiter with liquid propellant engines on HPT
Biography:
Levenko Alexander (Oleksandr) Sergeyevich working in the aerospace sphere of activity since 1966, has higher technical education, the mechanical engineer, specialty "rocket engines" (1972, Dnepropetrovsk State University, Ukraine). He is the general constructor of space complexes of Air-Space Agency “Magellan" (Kyiv, Ukraine). He has published more than 65 papers in reputed journals and 15 monographs, has patents of Ukraine 10, inventions - 3. He lives in Dnepropetrovsk (Ukraine).
Abstract:
It is a review of criteria for the establishment of active orbital spacecraft, taking into account the analysis of aspects of the application of the propulsion system running on hydrogen peroxide and the possibility of his return to the Earth surface. As a result of research, was proposed the concept of creating a modern type of spacecraft - maneuvering in orbit returning unmanned orbiter in the embodiment of the satellite remote sensing (SRS). In a report reflects the results of optimizing the design of the Launch Vehicle (LV). Article examines the preceding schematic design elements of space rocket complex. In particular, the elements of LV, Orbiter, and their propulsion systems. Carried initial calculations aerodynamic parameters of Orbiter on the descent and maneuvering in low orbit. The report shows an embodiment of a space rocket engine liquid propellant components selected.
Faustin Ondore
Technical University of Kenya
Kenya
Title: Design and development of an experimental aircraft
Biography:
An accomplished professional aerospace engineer, Faustin Ondore earned his PhD from Brunel University London from aerodynamics research topic that entailed the use of a combination of experimental and numerical methods (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and successfully predicted separation in highly turbulent flows in a complex geometry. His is currently focused to the identification and development of a CFD model for a priori prediction of detachment (and reattachment) in flow domains of engineering and other interest. Also, since his appointment as Chairman of the Department of Aerospace and Aviation Engineering at the Technical University of Kenya, he is leading his department's efforts towards production and operation of the first Kenyan designed aircraft. Prior to that he worked in senior roles in the aerospace and defense sectors in the United Kingdom and other countries, where he has lectured in aerospace engineering in a number of universities and colleges.
Abstract:
A flying aircraft can be dangerous to operate. Airworthiness and safety issues must be fully addressed. A variety of designers and producers have taken the easy route by procuring and assembling suitable knock-down kits from which good 'home-made' aircraft have been produced. Many of such aircraft have are deployed in private leisure, sport and other categories. Production of experimental aircraft poses special challenges, because the resulting air vehicle must not only fly safely but be capable of supporting aerial experimental activities. In the present work, the university team's focal point is on the optimum balance of flight safety and effective achievement of the experimental missions. Hence we address such functions and capabilities as handling qualities, aerial photography and the multi-faceted system of aerodynamic data acquisition, on-board storage and retrieval. Further, all design calculations must mainly be produced from the designer's original concept and not imported from other sources. The team is unaware if a similar aerial vehicle has been produced, tested and used in such a stringent frame, in a university environment.
- Track 7: Robotics and Mechatronics; Track 13: Mechanics, Dynamics and Controls
Session Introduction
Shuh Jing Ying
University of South Florida
USA
Title: Foundation of graduate study in mechanical engineering – advanced dynamics
Time : 15:00 - 15:20
Biography:
Shuh Jing Ying has completed his Ph.D at the age of 36 from Harvard University. He is retired from Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida and earned a title of Emeritus Professor. So far He published 35 technical papers and one text book ‘Advanced Dynamics’. He is Follow of ASME. Taught 20 college level courses and 14 graduate courses.
Abstract:
Dynamics is the foundation of undergraduate study in mechanical engineering. If you are good in dynamics you will be good on all other courses. Advanced dynamics is the foundation for graduate study. I taught advanced dynamics for more than ten years, this is my observation. Why it is so? Because the course of advanced dynamics covers usually many mathematical fundamentals such as vectors, tensors, matrices and rotation operators; principles and applications in dynamics from particle dynamics to rigid body motion, from small oscillation to vibration of systems with multiple degrees of freedom, my course covers also special relativity theory. They are very innovative. And they set the foundation for the study of all the graduate courses. Science is always in progress, dynamics is in the same form. Just say a few examples to illustrate the frontier of dynamics: missile shooting missile is important in our defense, I covered this as an example in particle dynamics. Different ground conditions, flat ground and spherical ground, are studied, computer program is used. Certainly the missile is shot down. However further research can be continued to improve the situation, using a better formulation, better computer program, and faster computer are the possibilities in sight. Space ship travels from earth to mars is another example. The way I presented in the course is classic, no propulsion force while the space ship is travelling in space. This may be not true in real situation. The gravitational affect is assumed to be only one body. For more accurate consideration gravitational affect from two bodies may be further considered. Several rotational motions with different axes can be combined to one through the use of rotation operator. This is important because it usually can save time. However, rotation operator is a relatively new mathematical tool, more research work should be devoted to this subject. Many more examples may be illustrated and will be presented in the conference.
Elżbieta Jarzębowska
Warsaw University of Technology
Poland
Title: A model - based debris tracking controller design for a free-floating space vehicle
Time : 15:20 - 15:40
Biography:
Elżbieta M. Jarzębowska is a professor at the Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, Power and Aeronautical Engineering Department, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. She received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D., D.Sc. degrees in mechanical engineering, nonlinear control and mechanics, from the Warsaw University of Technology. Her fields of research and teaching include multibody system dynamics, optimal and nonlinear control of nonholonomic, underactuated, UAV, and wheeled robotic systems. She is an author of about 100 research papers, tutorials and a monograph in nonlinear systems dynamics and control. She is a member of ASME, IEEE, GAMM, and IFToMM. Her hobbies are psychology, swimming, yachting, and travels.
Abstract:
The paper presents preliminary results on designing a model-based tracking controller for a free-floating space vehicle equipped with manipulating arms, i.e. a manipulator whose mission is capturing space debris. Such missions are of a significant interest due to a growing number of debris needed to be removed from space, as well as due to asteroids which can be promising sources of raw materials. In a free-floating operation mode, the vehicle linear and angular momenta are conserved. The angular momentum conservation makes vehicles nonholonomic control systems. The free-floating mode implicates that a vehicle is underactuated, what classifies it as a second order nonholonomic system. The vehicle is also assigned a task, so it is a multi-constraint control system. Motivations for this research are the potential significance of its results in the face of constantly growing interest in conquest and exploration of space, which results in generation of more space debris and requires services for satellites and space stations. Also, a development of new control strategies for space manipulators may provide a new insight into nonlinear control methods for missions in space. The paper presents a space manipulator control oriented 3D dynamics, a theoretical control development for approaching, capturing and acquisition of an object. The research contribution is two-folded. Its results may provide a better insight into control design for space vehicles and may constitute a control theoretic basis for future applications in space.
Beatrice Pomaro
University of Padova
Italy
Title: Dynamic stability of visco-elastically supported plates
Time : 16:20 - 16:40
Biography:
Beatrice Pomaro has completed her Ph.D in 2011 from University of Padova and is at present Research Fellow at the same Department. She is leading research on two main fields: dynamic stability of structural elements and coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling of cementitious materials.
Abstract:
The vibration of plate structures is one of the typical dynamic problems encountered in various fields of engineering and technology, such as aerospace, automotive, marine as well as civil applications. When the constraints loose their stiffness or their intrinsic viscosity occurs in time, they start behaving like spring-dumper systems and the dynamic response of the structural elements is supposed to vary, if compared with the system perfectly constrained, as already envisaged in [1, 2] for one-dimensional structural elements. The phenomenon of dynamic stability is investigated in this study for plate elements with visco-elastic supports, both translational and rotational, variously arranged, in order to understand the influence of viscoelasticity of the constraints on the response of rectangular plates under periodic axially distributed loads. Starting from the generic form of the solution of the partial differential equation for free vibrations of thin plates, a closed solution for the natural frequencies is provided in function of the degree of elasticity and viscosity of the constraints, so that the case of perfect supports turns to be a particular case of this more general solution. The free vibrations of the system at varying constraint conditions (both perfect, for comparison against known solutions, and visco-elastic) are obtained this way. Consequently the solution to the Mathieu-Hill equation at the basis of the problem, as found in [1], is applied to define the first region of instability and discuss the resulting unstable regions in function of the load condition, the geometric aspect and the slenderness of the plate.
Zhi-Qian Zhang
Institute of High Performance Computing
A*STAR
Singapore
Title: Design, simulationand optimization of asupersonic shot peening nozzle
Time : 16:40 - 17:00
Biography:
Zhi-Qian Zhang He is the scientist of Engineering Mechanics Department, Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore. He has completed his PhD in Engineering Mechanics from Xi’an Jiaotong University, China and postdoctoral studies from Keio University, Japan. His research area is computational mechanics and fluid-structure interactions. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Shot peening is a cold working process, which is widely used in aerospace industry in order to enhance the fatigue life span of metallic components.In the shot peening process, peens are accelerated by air flow and directed onto the surface of the work piece by a nozzle. The shot peening performance can be measured by peening intensity and coverage. The peening intensity is determined by the impact velocity of the peens to the target surface. Under certain operational conditions (i.e., operational air pressure and media flow rate of peens), the design of the interior contour of the nozzle will significantly influence the maximum peen velocity.Moreover, in supersonic shot peening process, the optimal design of the nozzle interior contour is crucial to suppress the shock waves in wide range of operational air pressure. To evaluate the performance of the nozzle by studying the impact velocity, impact angle, peening pattern, coverage ratio and so on, an accurate and efficient simulation platform based on ANSYS/Fluent isdevelopedto simulate the multi-phase flow in subsonic/supersonic shot peening process.A new interior contour design of a supersonic shot peening nozzle is proposed so as to achieve the maximum impact velocity of peens to the target plane under the given operational condition.
Moin U Ahmed
Queen Mary University of London
UK
Title: Dynamical performance analysis of hybrid vehicle based on turbocharger derivative micro gas turbine engine
Time : 17:00-17:10
Biography:
Moin U Ahmed has completed his MEng in Aerospace Engineering in 2011 from the School of Engineering and Material Science at Queen Mary University of London. He is currently pursuing a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the same instituition. During his post-grauate studies he has been a graduate teaching assistant in his school. His area of research interest are: aerodynamics, gas turbine design and performance analysis, renewable and sustainable energy.
Abstract:
Hybrid electric vehicle has been traditionally using piston engine as the power train. Recently micro gas turbine engine has been promoted for exhibiting robust power-to-size ratio and multi fuel capacity. However its cost and off design efficiency remains a challenge till date. In this work dynamical performance analysis of micro gas turbine based hybrid electric vehicle is presented. The work shows complete design and off design performance of automotive turbocharger derivative micro gas turbine engine. The performance maps of the relevant engine is used to simulate vehicular dynamical performance. Computational models for various hybrid vehicle modes are presented. The models are based on one-dimensional quasi-steady dynamics and steady state thermodynamics principles. A comparative analysis is presented for the relevant modes of vehicles, such as, engine driven only, series hybrid and parallel hybrid. Comparison between gas turbine and piston engine performance is also presented for different types of vehicles, such as, compact, medium and heavy. Results show that piston engine driven cars outperforms gas turbine ones when not in hybrid mode. It is also evident that gas turbines are suited for bigger hybrid vehicles, while piston engine dominate the compact ones. Extending this study to include transient powertrain thermodynamics can be a follow up step.
Chen Wenhao
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Hong Kong SAR, China
Title: An integrated model for dendrite growth simulation in selective laser melting
Biography:
Chen Wenhao is pursuing his Master of Philosophy degree in Hong Kong University of Science and Technology focusing on the laser sintering field. He completed his Undergraduate in HKUST Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. He is experienced in mechanical design, manufacturing and building robot system.
Abstract:
In Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process, metal powder is melted by laser and rapidly solidified into solid. The most common microstructure observed during rapid solidification process is the dendritic morphology. Real-time observation of the dendritic forming process by experiment becomes difficult due to its invisibility. Modeling of the microstructure could evaluate the transient grain growth and assist to control the melting condition for better mechanical performance. In this work, two sub models are integrated to simulate the transient grain growth during SLM process. A macroscale three-dimensional thermal model is first used to generate the temperature field. The temperature field is then imported to the two-dimensional integrated Cellular Automata and Phase field (CAPF) model, which calculates the microscale dendritic growth feature and associated solute redistribution. The simulation result exhibits the dendrite growth behavior verified by literature.
Tilita George Alexandru
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Hong Kong SAR, China
Title: The effect of individual input parameters on the development of imperfections during selective laser melting
Biography:
Tilita George Alexandru studied Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering for Bachelor’s and Master’s at the “Politehnica” University of Bucharest with a specialization in Nanotechnology and Non-conventional manufacturing systems such as EDM, Additive Manufacturing, and others. He is now undergoing his PhD studies at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in the field of Selective Laser Melting. He is the recipient of the URG’s HK PhD Fellowship.
Abstract:
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a near net-shape manufacturing process where components of varying complexity are built up layer-by-layer by selectively melting metal powder. While gaining popularity in the Automotive and Aerospace industries, these SLMed components often suffer from process induced imperfections which may lead to undesired mechanical behavior in the final product. Taking an analysis of variation approach, this study aims to investigate the contribution of the individual input parameters, including laser power, hatch spacing, and scanning speed, to the development of imperfections such as balling, oxidation, and improper melting of powder. The analysis was carried out using single layer printing of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel as a model material. Understanding the relations between these input parameters and the development of imperfections in terms of volumetric energy density can lead to the optimization of the SLM process.
Wesley C. Young
California State University
USA
Title: Aero spike Engine-The design of a LOX/Methane multi-chamber Aero spike Engine
Biography:
Wesley C Young is a Senior completing his BS in Aerospace Engineering at Cal State Long Beach. He leveraged his experience working on student built liquid propellant rockets through the CALVEIN organization to gain multiple internships in the aerospace industry. Opportunities he earned include doing spacecraft design at Boeing, propulsion manufacturing engineering at Space X, and testing at Alliance Space Systems. He continues to hope to be part of ground-breaking work in the space industry.
Abstract:
Aero spike engines were once heavily researched as they are highly desirable for single stage to orbit launch vehicles. However, development of these engine designs never progressed and implementation ceased. The scope of this project is limited to the design of a LOX/Methane multi-chamber aerospike engine with an emphasis on measurement instrumentation to further characterize engine behavior through the transonic regime. It’s believed that through increasing available data the implementation of aerospikes becomes more reasonable. The processes used to design this engine are modeled after those in ‘Development and Characterization of a 1,300 Lbf Thrust Multi-chamber Aerospike Engine’, the only known flown engine of a similar kind. This engine seeks to improve upon past designs by implementing reliable simultaneous ignition of the thrusters. Also, notably different is the use of regeneratively cooled thrusters for effective cooling and improved efficiency. The proposed subsystems of the engine designed include the 8 regeneratively cooled thrusters, 8 accompanying coaxial injectors, and ignition ports directly integrated into the thruster walls, and the central plug/engine mounting structure. Following thorough mission analysis assuming a given launch vehicle size, a 3,600 Lbf engine with an isp of 300 s was designed. Each thrust chambers was designed for 1/8 of the total engine thrust. A truncated spike was designed using Prandtl-Meyer expansion functions to estimate the slope. And injector sizing was done following techniques for reaching stable combustion. Pressure ports and thermal instrumentation are located on the plug with a cavity for devices to be located in the center.
Nan Li
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hong Kong
Title: Supplier selection and order allocation using modified fuzzy AHP-based approach in manufacturing networks
Biography:
Nan Li received his BE degree from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, UK. He then completed an MPhil degree from the same University. Currently, he is a PhD candidate in the Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong. His research interests are in inventory management, production control, simulation optimization and demand forecasting.
Abstract:
Due to the economy recession all around the world, the performance of manufacturing industry has been significantly affected. The question of how to generate fast response to customers, maintain the high quality, accurate delivery rate and low risk becomes the crucial issue of keeping a company competitive. Supplier selection, one of the key factors for a successful production process has attracted more attention in the recent decade. This research aims to understand the supplier selection procedure in manufacturing networks. Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) are applied to evaluate suppliers and optimize the combinations of suppliers for various orders, respectively. The data and information are collected from a central company, which coordinates manufacturing networks of SMEs as an industrial case study. A statistical analysis method for supplier evaluation with respect to quantitative criteria is proposed to visually assist decision makers and reduce the potential bias in the decision making process. For practical application, this paper, first of all, proposes a weighting system for SMEs manufacturing networks. Since data and information are collected from an experienced system integrator, the criteria and their corresponding weights could be used as a reference for similar industries and companies. Secondly, this research helps aid the decision making process in supplier selection and order allocation.
Zachary Garcia
University of Alaska Anchorage
USA
Title: Consecutive vortex ring formation from a pulsed jet
Time : 17:50 - 18:00
Biography:
Zachary Garcia is a graduate student completing a master’s degree in mechanical engineering at the University of Alaska Anchorage.
Abstract:
A key hydrodynamic feature of vortex ring formation with implication to propulsion is that there is a limit in ring growth. Gharib et al. (1998) and subsequent studies have established the limiting process on isolated vortex ring formation from a starting jet, and associated optimal ring formation with the limiting formation time (stroke distance to piston diameter ratio). The ring formation process of a pulsed jet is significantly different than that of a starting jet because when rings are generated in a repeated fashion, the interaction between rings alters the dynamics of jet shear layer and vortex formation. The project studies the roles of formation time and pulsing frequency in the formation and interaction of consecutively generated vortex rings for use in propulsion systems. In this experimental study, multiple vortex rings are generated consecutively from a pulsed jet. The rings form and interact with each other depending on the defined parameters. Using digital particle image velocimetry, the flow fields are quantified and analyzed. The study demonstrates that the limiting formation time is reduced significantly when a pulsed jet generates consecutive vortex rings in close proximity and the reduction is determined by the pulsing frequency. The parameters for optimal vortex formation are also studied to apply to engineering propulsion systems.
Arjun Jamedar
Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology
India
Title: R.A.W. car (Road, Air, Water Car)
Time : 18:00-18:10
Biography:
J Arjun completed his schooling at ‘Stanley Model School’ in year 2011. During schooling, he got a State Level Prize for his paper presentation. Now, he is doing his Graduation (Engineering) at Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology. He participated in National Level Competition IFAST-2015 and got National Award and Reward for his model RAW car.
Abstract:
RAW car means a car which moves on road, air, and water. This car is very useful for defense purpose and for the cops to catch the criminals. A criminal can escape by any way, by using any means of transport. So this car is useful to catch them. This car is made such that it can move from road to air, air to water, road to water, water to air, water to road, and air to road. Impact on society: This car will have a greater impact in the Defence field. RAW car can be used to help people who are stuck in regions where normal helicopters or cars cannot go. The car is of two different types: Type (1) consisting of a motor for both road and water motion and another motor for air motion; Type (2) consisting of a motor for all road, air, and water motion. In Type (1), the car normally looks like the other cars which we see on roads and has the same motion on road with the same engine but for the movement on water, I made some design changes to wheels so that it can float on water and have its motion. For flying in the air, I have arranged a quadcopter. In Type (2) car, I have arranged a quadcopter and made all the three motions with it. In practical, we can use the Type (1) car as it uses petrol (if made big), and white petrol to fly in necessary time. Coming to type 2, as I have already said that it totally runs with quadcopter, it uses white petrol to move. Keeping the cost into account, I have designed the Type (1) car.
Suparoek Junsupasen
King Mongkut’s University of Technology
Thailand
Title: Adaptive Feedforward Cancellation (AFC) for low frequency noise reduction in laboratory settings
Biography:
Suparoek Junsupasen is a Lecturer in the Department of Instrumentation and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand. He received a Master’s Degree in Electrical Engineering and Information Technology from Fachhochschule Rosenheim, Germany in 2005. His research interests include electrical system design and acoustic noise control.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to investigate how to reduce noise in sound fields using active noise control technique with an emphasis on Adaptive Feedforward Cancellation (AFC). The study is conducted in (1) a close room (6.7 m wide, 11 m long, and 2.87 m high), and (2) in an open space (8.2 m wide and 18 m long). In the laboratory experiments, low frequency noise at 200 Hz is generated by the 1,000 watt speaker (as noise source), and the 1,200 watt speaker is used as noise cancelling speaker. Error microphone and spectrum analyzer are installed for measuring noises. Results indicate that noise reductions of 14.38 dB and 10.73 dB can be made in a close room and in an open space, respectively. Applications and limitations for this study are also discussed.
Paulo Ricardo Telles Rangel
Federal Institute of Santa Catarina
Brazil
Title: Design for reliability of mechatronic systems supported by knowledge-based systems in design process early phases
Biography:
Paulo Ricardo T. Rangel, M.Eng.,was a visiting researcher atINPG/Grenoble, France, where he studied electromagnetic compatibility in power electronics. He teaches atDepartment of Electronics/ IFSC since 1990. He is currently developing a doctorate in product design with focus in mechatronics, electromagnetic compatibility and knowledge-based systems at UFSC.
Abstract:
Mechatronic devices integrate control systems are fundamentalto safe operational condition of complex vehicles, especially aircrafts. In order to ensure reliability of aircraft mechatronic systems, with consequent improvement in safety, it is necessary to pay special attention to failures in these devices and their consequences in other subsystems from the early design phases. An important element to consider is the electromagnetic compatibility, which deals with electrical and magnetic relations among components or between subsystems operating in the same electromagnetic environment that may produce interference and malfunction. This paper presents a literature review on fault analysis in mechatronic and electronic control systems caused by electromagnetic problems, followed bythe description of aknowledge-based system (KBS) prototype for the early design phases focused on electromagnetic compatibility and reliabilityof mechatronic systems. The prototype includes a knowledge base on mechatronic design. Rules, object-oriented modeling and semantic networks are implemented as knowledge representation techniques. Results are evaluated and discussed byexperts in mechatronics and design. The paper also discusses issues on expandability and validation of KBS prototype.
Biography:
To enhance robotic performance, robots should obtain information about the environment and objects in it via multi-modal sensations such as vision, hearing and tactile sensing. Since tactile sensation is required to achieve dexterous manipulation, several tactile sensor designs have been proposed in robotics. Our three-axis tactile sensor is produced with a unique design that can measure not only normal force but also tangential force distribution caused by contact between a robotic finger and an object. The three-axis sensor is composed of small cylindrical sensing elements of rubber, an aluminum dome, an acrylic dome, a light source, a fiberscope and a CCD camera. The aluminum dome has 41 holes arranged concentrically, into which the sensing elements are inserted; the acrylic dome illuminated by a light source is inserted into the aluminum dome beneath the sensing elements. When an object touches the array of sensing-element tips, the sensing-element bottoms touch the acrylic dome. Since diffusion reflection occurs at the contact points, which are observed by the CCD camera, tactile information between the object and sensing-element tips is obtained as image data. The normal and tangential forces are obtained from integrated gray-scale values and centroid movement of brightness distribution. We produced a dual hand-arm robot equipped with three-axis tactile sensors on it fingertips. To evaluate the three-axis tactile sensor, we are conducting experiments using the robot to perform such tasks as cap twisting, block assembly and passing an object from the robotic hand to a person’s hand.
Abstract:
To enhance robotic performance, robots should obtain information about the environment and objects in it via multi-modal sensations such as vision, hearing and tactile sensing. Since tactile sensation is required to achieve dexterous manipulation, several tactile sensor designs have been proposed in robotics. Our three-axis tactile sensor is produced with a unique design that can measure not only normal force but also tangential force distribution caused by contact between a robotic finger and an object. The three-axis sensor is composed of small cylindrical sensing elements of rubber, an aluminum dome, an acrylic dome, a light source, a fiberscope and a CCD camera. The aluminum dome has 41 holes arranged concentrically, into which the sensing elements are inserted; the acrylic dome illuminated by a light source is inserted into the aluminum dome beneath the sensing elements. When an object touches the array of sensing-element tips, the sensing-element bottoms touch the acrylic dome. Since diffusion reflection occurs at the contact points, which are observed by the CCD camera, tactile information between the object and sensing-element tips is obtained as image data. The normal and tangential forces are obtained from integrated gray-scale values and centroid movement of brightness distribution. We produced a dual hand-arm robot equipped with three-axis tactile sensors on it fingertips. To evaluate the three-axis tactile sensor, we are conducting experiments using the robot to perform such tasks as cap twisting, block assembly and passing an object from the robotic hand to a person’s hand.
Vladimir Voskoboinick
Institute of Hydromechanics NASU
Ukraine
Title: Passive boundary layer control by dimpled vortex generators
Biography:
Vladimir Voskoboinick has completed his Ph.D in 1993 and Doctor of Engineering Sciences in 2013 in Mechanics of Fluid, Gas and Plasma from Institute of Hydromechanics of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine. He is the leading scientist of Department of Hydrobionics and Boundary Layer Control of Institute of Hydromechanics NASU. His current research is interdisciplinary and focuses on a wide range of topics within the field of Fluid Mechanics, Hydroacoustics, Bioengineering, Heat and Mass Transfer. He has published more than 200 papers in reputed journals and conference proceedings.
Abstract:
The boundary layer control is one of the actual sections of the modern hydromechanics dealing with investigations of vortical mechanisms in flows around bodies with an artificial roughness and improvement of aerodynamic characteristics of lifting surfaces. One of the well-known passive control techniques is vortex generation by roughness, which is used experimentally or numerically by many investigators. Dimples are some elements of a roughness. The symmetric and asymmetric large-scale vortical systems inside a spherical dimple are found out depending on the flow regime, and location and periodicity of their injection are shown. The evolution of coherent large-scale vortices subjected to a switch mechanism that is results in appearance of low-frequency modulating transversal oscillations of vortex motion inside the dimple. Discrete peaks are found out in spectral dependencies of pressure and velocity fluctuations. These local rises of the velocity and pressure fluctuation levels correspond to rotating frequency of the vortex systems inside the cavity, their injection frequency, wake mode frequency of oscillations of vortical movement inside the dimple, caused by a hydrodynamic resonance, and also self-sustained shear layer frequency of oscillations inside the dimple, which corresponded to a hydroacoustic resonance. The form and sizes of the quasi-stable large-scale vortex structures, the region of their origin and stages of development are submitted. Instantaneous and averaged characteristics of wall pressure fluctuations of vortical movement inside the cavity and in its near wake differ from each other, from nonlinear interaction of vortical structures with each other and streamlined surface.
KS Nagla
National Institute of Technology Jalandhar
India
Title: Multi sensor data fusion in mobile robots
Biography:
KS Nagla has completed his PhD in Robotics from Dr. BR Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, India. He is working as Associate Professor since 2010. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and international conferences. Three patents and several industrial designs are in his credit. He has been serving as reviewer of an International Journal of good repute and also a member of many professional bodied. He worked as principal investigator for successful projects on robotics. At present he is working on Shared Autonomy in mobile robots in collaboration with foreign universities.
Abstract:
In the last two decade along with industrial robots, a considerable research has been appeared on service mobile robots such as, robots: servicing humans, servicing equipments and other service robots. Modern mobile robots are faster, lighter, more responsive, and equipped with multiple sensors. Suitable example is recently tested driverless car/robot. Such autonomous mobile robots are able to explore the unknown and partially known environment and can work in a complex environment. Subsequently, the addition of smart sensors and fast computing technology powered these robots with considerable intelligence and speed. As a result; such technologies have enabled autonomous mobile robots to navigate in static or dynamic environments. To complete the complex tasks the mobile robots have to integrate different elements of knowledge such as mechanical and electronic design, control algorithms, sensor based perception, mapping of the environment, artificial intelligence and path planning, etc. Sensor based perception of the environment mapping is an emerging area of research where sensors play a pivotal role. For mobile robot's mapping, the fundamental requirement is the conversion of the range information into high level internal representation. There are several sensor modalities commonly brought to bear these tasks such as vision sensor, laser range finder, ultrasonic and infrared sensors, etc. However the sensory information failure, sensor inaccuracy, noise and slow response are the major causes of errors in the mobile robot mapping. For achieving improved accuracy and reliability in mobile robot mapping, multisensor data fusing has been found as an optimal solution. Further, sensor data fusion offers robustness, economical perception due to a dedicated processor, improved adoptability in worst case scenario (drift, sensor failure etc.), and reduced environmental influences. It also facilitates real-time data analysis by adding N-independent observations. In few cases, the parallel processing of data fusion also provides fast navigational decisions. It has become an obligatory process of intelligent mobile robot systems to enhance its capabilities. In 2014 we have developed a new architecture of sensor fusion framework that makes the map more robust and reliable. The architecture consists of the three main segments: a) Pre-processing of sensory information, b) Fusion of information from heterogeneous sensors, and c) Post-processing of the map. As per past experience, specular reflection of sonar sensor is considered as the fundamental source of error in mapping. To overcome this problem, pre-processing of information for sonar sensor is developed, where fuzzy logic algorithm is used to discard the specular information. The implementation of that fuzzy technique for sonar mapping shows that the average performance of the resultant grid mapping is increased by 6.6%. The specular reflection removal also offers reduced computational time. The qualitative comparisons show the improvement in the results where the overall occupied and empty area of the resultant map is extremely near to the reference map. Such technique is required for future autonomous mobile robots.
P. K. Parlewar
Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur
India
Title: Image and video processing in robotics and mechatroincs
Biography:
P. K. Parlewar received her B. Eng. Degree from Government College of Engineering, India in 2000, received her M. Tech. and Ph. D. degrees from Nagpur University, India in 2006 and 2013. She is currently Dean, Research and Development with Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management India. Her research interests include image processing computer vision, transform based denoising techniques, and embedded system.
Abstract:
In modern robotics, cameras serve the function of eyes, but it is the image processing that enables these robots to see, to perceive the environment around them through captured imagery and to act accordingly. Image processing has found applications in industrial service robots, unmanned vehicle operations, computer vision in clinical monitoring, object detection, satellite remote sensing, agricultural and defense applications, and many other areas. Visual quality of image can also be improved using image processing techniques like denoising and histogram processing that smoothen the regions and curves but sharpen edges while also protecting the high frequency information. In the current era, we employ high definition cameras on the robots so more detail can be captured, and also employ high speed processors for faster processing of the captured data. But, we also need faster and more efficient image processing algorithms to go in conjunction, for the betterment of real-time applications of these robotic systems. With advent in robotic technology, the robots are making extensive use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components to reduce costs, simplify maintenance, and ease of future upgrades. This also requires graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that support custom-design, virtual masking/demasking, waste reduction, time reduction and protects equipment.