Day 3 :
Keynote Forum
Shaaban Abdallah
University of Cincinnati, USA
Keynote: Review of the state of the art and new mathematical formulations for solutions of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in velocity and pressure derivatives
Time : 09:45-10:15
Biography:
Shaaban Abdallah is a Professor of Aerospace Engineering, has been at the University of Cincinnati since 1989. He obtained his PhD in Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati in 1980. He joined Penn State University from 1981 to 1988. His research interests include computational fluid dynamics, nano fluids, turbo-machines, unmanned aerial vehicles and medical devices. He has two US patents on centrifugal compressors and three disclosures with university of Cincinnati on medical devices.
Abstract:
Numerical simulations of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in primitive variables employ the velocity and pressure as dependent variables. The lack of an equation for the pressure causes numerical difficulties in calculating the pressure. Two formulations have been developed for solving the pressure problem. The Artificial Compressibility method modifies the continuity equation by adding a time dependent pressure term, and the pressure Poisson method enforces the continuity equation through the divergence of the momentum equation. The pressure equations are solved iteratively and upon convergence of the numerical solution, the continuity equation is satisfied. Mostly these techniques are developed and tested using explicit schemes. An implicit approach for solving the incompressible Navier Stokes equations known as the Fractional Step method derives an approximate pressure Poisson equation. It is important to state here that the velocity field of incompressible flows does not depend on the pressure but it depends on the pressure derivatives. Recently, we developed two methods that employ the velocity and pressure derivatives as dependent variables. The pressure derivatives increase the dependent variables to four in two-dimensions and six in three dimensions. Additional governing equations are obtained from the identity that the Curl Gradient of the pressure is zero. In the second method, the continuity equation is replaced by its spatial derivatives and enforces the continuity equation at the boundary. These techniques are developed and tested using explicit time-marching schemes. They do not require boundary conditions for the pressure and they satisfy the continuity equation to machine zero. In this study, we re-derived the above mentioned methods using lower and upper (LU) factorization of the discretization matrix of the governing equations. In addition, we developed the implicit technique of the velocity and Pressure derivatives formulation. Exact LU factorization of the matrix representing the discrete Navier-Stokes equations is obtained. The main advantage of this approach, in addition to the above mentioned advantages of the velocity and pressure derivatives explicit methods, is that no matrix inversion of the implicit operator is required.
Keynote Forum
Julius Kaplunov
Keele University, UK
Keynote: Multiscale dynamic modelling of thin and periodic structures
Time : 10:15-10:45
Biography:
Julius Kaplunov has received his PhD and DSc from the Institute for Problems in Mechanics. Moscow. He is Professor and Head of Mathematics Research Centre at Keele University, UK. He has co-authored around 130 publications and served as an editorial board member of a number of reputed journals, such as Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids and Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials. His awards and honors include a Humboldt Fellowship at TU Munich, Russian State Prize in Science in Technology, along with visiting positions at University of Alberta, Bordeaux University, University of Modena, City University of Hong-Kong, and Tel-Aviv University.
Abstract:
Modern trends in multiscale dynamic modelling of periodic and thin functionally graded structures are discussed. Similarity of the long wave procedures underlying two-dimensional shell and plate approximations and homogenization for periodic media is demonstrated, beginning with correspondence between shell thickness and periodicity cell size. The presented comparative study of two toy problems, dealing with a periodic string and anti-plane shear of a layered strip, subject to anti-plane shear, aims at clarifying the proposed vison. The main focus is on high frequency schemes, including high frequency long-wave approximations for thin structures and high frequency homogenization for periodic media, oriented to qualitative and quantitative analysis of microscale phenomena, in particular arising in modern metamaterials. The theoretical framework is illustrated by evaluating the dynamic response of periodic and layered structures. For the former, both continuous bodies and discrete lattices are considered. Numerical results for dispersion and localization of Floquet-Bloch and Lamb waves are presented. A practically important case of contrast material parameters is briefly addressed. Further prospects for knowledge transfer are also indicated.
Keynote Forum
Hamid R Hamidzadeh
Tennessee State University, USA
Keynote: Vibration and stability analysis of high speed rotating annular disks and rings
Time : 10:45-11:15
Biography:
Hamid R Hamidzadeh received his PhD in applied mechanics from Imperial College where he conducted postdoctoral research for four years. He chairs the Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Department at Tennessee State University. He is Fellow of ASME and a Distinguished Member and Fellow of SDPS. He has published three books and over 186 articles. He serves as Co-Editor and Editorial Board Member for five journals. He has organized major conferences and has served ASME as chair of the Special Divisions Steering Committee, Conference Planning Committee, Executive Committee of Design Division, and Vice Chair of the Board on Technical Knowledge Dissemination.
Abstract:
An analytical solution is developed to conduct modal analysis for the in-plane vibration of high speed viscoelastic rotating annular disks and rings. In development of this analytical approach, two-dimensional elasto-dynamic theory is employed and the viscoelastic material for the medium is allowed by assuming complex elastic moduli. The general governing equations of motion are presented and a solution for a rotating disk with different boundary conditions is developed. Computed results for a wide range of rotating speeds and radius ratios, such as those for solid disks or thin rings are provided. The proposed solution is used to investigate the influences of hysteretic material damping on dimensionless natural frequencies and modal loss factors for the rotating disks. In addition, the solution presents non-dimensional critical speeds of rotation for any given disk. Moreover the analysis is extended to consider the effect of adding disk segment, with different material on the inner or outer sides of a disk, on the natural frequencies and critical speeds of the equivalent single disk. The dimensionless results for these cases are also depicted for a wide range of rotational speeds.
Keynote Forum
Ryspek Usubamatov
Kyrgyz State Technical University, Kyrgyzstan
Keynote: Fundamental principles of gyroscope theory
Time : 11:30–12:00
Biography:
Ryspek Usubamatov is graduated as Professional Engineer, completed PhD from Bauman Moscow State Technical University and Doctor of Technical Sciences from Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan. He worked as an engineer-designer of machine tools at engineering company. He is a Professor of Kyrgyz State Technical University and worked at universities in Malaysia. He has published more than 300 papers in reputed journals, more than 60 patents of inventions in engineering and seven books in area of manufacturing engineering. He supervised six PhD and several dozens of MSc students. His research interests lies in area of gyroscope theory and productivity theory for Industrial Engineering.
Abstract:
Gyroscope devices are primary units for navigation and control systems in aviation, space, ships, and other industries. The main property of the gyroscope device is maintaining the axis of a spinning rotor for which mathematical models have been formulated on the law of kinetic energy conservation and the changes in the angular momentum. However, known mathematical models for the gyroscope effects do not match actual forces and motions underway. The nature of the gyroscope properties is more complex than is represented by contemporary theories. Recent investigations have demonstrated that gyroscopes have four inertial forces interdependently and simultaneously acting on them. These forces are internal kinetic energies generated by the mass-elements and center-mass of the spinning rotor and represented by centrifugal, coriolis, and common inertial forces as well as changes in angular momentum. The applied torque generates internal resistance torques that are based on action of centrifugal and coriolis forces; and the precession torques generated by common inertial forces and by the change in the angular momentum. Apart these, the friction forces acting on the gyroscope supports play considerable role in decreasing the internal kinetic energy of the spinning rotor. The new mathematical models for gyroscope effects describe clearly and exactly all known and new gyroscope properties. Mathematical models for the most unsolvable motions of the gyroscope with one side support are validated by practical tests. Formulated models for motions of the gyroscope represent fundamental principles of gyroscope theory based on the actions of internal centrifugal, coriolis and inertial forces and the change in angular momentum, and external applied and friction forces. This new theoretical approach for the gyroscope problems represent new challenge in engineering science.
Keynote Forum
Tom Logsdon
University of California, USA
Keynote: Solving a half-dozen Sherlock Holmes-style mysteries in space
Time : 12:00-12:30
Biography:
Tom Logsdon (MS Mathematics) has written and sold 1.8 million words, including 34 scientific and technical books. He has taught 300 short courses on Orbital Mechanics and various other topics. He is, in addition, an expert witness, an Engineering Consultant, a professional keynote Lecturer, and a Writer for popular magazines. He also writes for Encyclopedia Britannica.
Abstract:
I love everything about Orbital Mechanics. Maybe it’s because almost every powered-flight maneuver that takes place up there along the space frontier turns out to be counterintuitive. Suppose you and your spaceship are tracing out a simple circular orbit 100 miles above the earth. Now mash on the accelerator and you will slow down. Put on the brakes and you will speed up. Toss a banana peel out the window and 45 minutes later it will come back through that same window and slap you in the face! If your car behaved in a similar manner you would think it was really weird! Early in this presentation, you will be introduced to a remarkably intelligent earthling who figured out another baffling mystery: Why doesn’t our big, lumbering moon fall from the sky? We will tackle a more recent mystery, too. Why was a $240-million communication satellite doomed shortly after lift-off? Two of my young students at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory studied one of my color charts for a moment, then figured out what caused its untimely destruction. We will also discuss another elusive mystery: How to eliminate space debris using only ground-based equipment. My presentation will reach its climax with one final mystery: How might a novel space-age approach to the Indian Rope Trick, someday, reduce the cost of launching satellites into orbit by an order of magnitude? Or more? I love everything about Orbital Mechanics. I love good mysteries. I hope you do, too!
Keynote Forum
Sheldon Q Shi
University of North Texas, USA
Keynote: Natural fiber for automobile and aerospace components design
Time : 12:30–13:00
Biography:
Sheldon Q Shi received his PhD degree at Michigan Technological University (MTU) in 1997. He has about two years of Post-doc experience with MTU and University of Maine, five years of industry experience with APA - The Engineered Wood Association (Tacoma, WA). In 2004, he joined Mississippi State University (MSU) as an Assistant Professor and received tenure. Seven years later, he joined the University of North Texas in Mechanical and Energy Engineering Department. He has been experienced in the manufacture processes of composite materials using biomass as feedstocks, such as wood, plant fibers, soybean, etc. He has been serving as PI and Co-PI for many federal projects supported by DOE, NSF, and USDA. He received multiple best paper awards and other research awards. He had served as Executive Board of the Society of Wood Science and Technology (SWST) during 2008 – 2015, and became the President during 2013–2014. He is serving Editor Board for several journals, reviewers of more than 40 professional journals, and panel reviewer for USDA and DOE proposals. He has published over 170 papers, from which over 130 are in peer-reviewed journals.
Abstract:
This presentation talks about the new technologies of using the natural fibers to replace the synthetic fibers (fiber glass, carbon fibers) for automobile and aerospace structural and nonstructural components design. The manufacturing processes for the natural fiber composites are discussed including laminated sheet molding compounding (SMC) process, and vacuum assist resin transfer molding process, and other processes. The physical, mechanical and durability performance of the natural fiber SMC are presented in a comparison with the commercial synthetic SMC products. The pros and cons of using the natural fiber to replace the synthetic fibers are discussed. A novel in situ nanoparticle impregnation process for the lignocellulosic fibers is also presented. This process is to introduce the ionic liquids into the micropore structure of the cellulosic fibers consecutively. When a precursor applies at certain conditions (such as increasing the temperature), the impregnated chemicals react inside the micropore structures of the fibers and to form the desired nanoparticles. This technique takes advantage of the porous structure of the cellulosic fibers permitting the nanoparticles to be more evenly distributed into the resulted natural fiber products. By the impregnation treatment of the cellulosic fiber with different nanophases (such as noble metals, iron, iron oxides, and etc.), the resulted products will present certain functions, such as magnetic, anti-static, anti-radiation, anti-permeation, anti-microbial, and etc. Some functional properties of the resulted functional composites will be discussed, such as EMI shielding panel, magnetic activated carbon, and etc.
Keynote Forum
Prashant Khare
University of Cincinnati, USA
Keynote: Atomization of liquid jets and droplets: Theory and models
Time : 13:40–14:10
Biography:
Prashant Khare is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering & Engineering Mechanics at University of Cincinnati,USA. His research interest includes:- Multiphase Flows, Combustion, Liquid Propellants, Model Development and Data Analytics.
Abstract:
Liquid jets and droplets play an important role in numerous applications of practical interest including, liquid-fueled combustion devices such as diesel, gas-turbine and rocket engines, cooling of turbine blades and microchips, and industrial processes such as spray painting and inkjet printing. Even after decades of research, because of the lack of appropriate diagnostic
and simulation tools, the understanding of the atomization process remains limited. No attempts were made in the past to conduct fundamental studies that led to the development of universal theories and models to predict statistics, such as, droplet/ particles sizes and distributions, resulting from the fragmentation process. Additionally, the effect of multiphysics processes, such as vaporization, acoustic, electro-static and electromagnetic excitation on liquid sprays and droplets has not been widely explored. Therefore, this talk focuses on three aspects of the atomization process, (1) investigation of fundamental physics of the deformation and fragmentation of liquid droplets and jets; (2) development of generalized models to predict the behaviors of the products of liquid atomization over a wide range of operating conditions; and (3) the effect of multiphysics processes on the dynamics of multiphase flows. The theoretical and mathematical formulation to investigate these two-phase problems is based on a complete set of Navier-Stokes equations with surface tension. A critical issue is the treatment of multi-scale liquid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces. A state-of-the-art, high resolution, volume-of-fluid (VOF) interface capturing method is adopted to resolve the interfacial evolution. Surface tension is accommodated as a Dirac delta distribution function on the interface. The theoretical formulation outlined above is solved numerically using a finite volume method augmented by an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technique, based on an octree spatial discretization, to improve the solution accuracy and
efficiency. Based on the high-fidelity direct numerical simulations, general theories that quantitatively describe the atomization process over a wide range of operating conditions are established. These theories are used to develop universal models that can predict the droplet behaviors, including size-distributions and drag coefficients with deformation and fragmentation. Next, the effect of vaporization and electro-static fields on multiphase flows is explored and the essential physics is extracted. The ultimate goal of the effort is to enhance the fundamental understanding of multiphase flows, and to develop theories, models
and algorithms for their active and passive control.
Keynote Forum
Greg Poole
Industrial Tests Inc, USA
Keynote: Theory of electromagnetism and gravity modeling earth as a rotating solenoid coil
Time : 14:10-14:40
Biography:
Greg Poole is Owner and President of an electrical testing company located in Northern California. Presently he is a President at Industrial Tests.
Abstract:
The earth’s magnetic field has not been well described, resulting in much trial and error over the millennia regarding the mechanism of planetary motion. By way of modeling the earth as a rotating solenoid coil a resolution to this problem is sought. Calculations using known parameters of the earth and measured field data has resulted in new understanding of the earths electrical system and gyroscopic rotation. The material makeup of the inner earth is better understood based on derived permeability and permittivity constants. The planet has been modeled as simple coils and then as a parallel impedance circuit which has led to fundamental insight into planetary speed control and RL combination for Schumann Resonance of 7.83Hz. Torque and Voltage Constants and the inverse Speed Constant are calculated using three methods and all compare favorably with Newtons Gravitational Constant. A helical resonator is referenced and Schumann’s Resonant ideal frequency calculated and compared with others idealism. A new theory of gravity based on particle velocity selector at the poles is postulated. Two equations are presented as the needed links between Faraday’s electromagnetism and Newtonian physics.Acceleration and Speed Control of earth is explained as a centripetal governor. A new equation for planetary attraction and the attraction of atomic matter is theorized. Rotation of the earths electrical coil is explained in terms of the Richardson effect. Electric power transfer from the sun to the planets is proposed. The impact of this new science of electromagnetic modeling of planets will be magnified as the theory is proven; and found to be useful for future generations of engineers and scientists who seek to discover our world and other planets.
- Robotics and Mechatronics | Material Processing | Airship Design & Development | Mechanics, Dynamics and Controls
Location: Las Vegas, USA
Chair
Shaaban Abdallah
University of Cincinnati, USA
Session Introduction
Abdullah Altin
Yuzuncu Yıl University, Turkey
Title: The machining of Haynes 188 nickel based aero space material with ceramic cutting tool
Time : 14:40-15:00
Biography:
Abdullah Altin is an Assoc., Professor Doctor in Van Vocational of Higher School, Mechanical and Metal Technology Department, at Van Yuzuncu Yıl University in Turkey. His field of study is Manufacturing and Construction and has been working on CAD/CAM (computer aid design/computer aid manufacture), solid edge, master cam and production technics. He has been in Germany Zittau- Gorlitz University Mechanical Engineering department for research and access to training in CAD/CAM by Erasmus Project. And he has also been invitated for teaching Staff Mobility by Erasmus program to France, Nancy University of Lorraine and France-University of Belfort, Mechanical Engineering Department in May 2013 and in May 2016. Since 1996 he has working at Yuzuncu Yıl University as a Lecturer and then as an Assoc. Professor Doctor. Presently he is the Head of Department.
Abstract:
In this study, were investigated the effects of cutting speed on cutting forces and surface roughness based on Taguchi experimental design. . The effects of machining parameters were investigated using Taguchi L18 orthogonal array. Optimal cutting conditions were determined using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio which is calculated for average surface roughness and cutting force according to the "the smaller is better" approach. Using results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal-to–noise (S/N) ratio, effects of parameters on both average surface roughness and cutting forces were statistically investigated. Tree different cutting tools were used in experiments as KYON 4300, KYS 25 and KYS 30. Main cutting force, Fz is considered to be cutting force as a criterion. In the experiments, depending on the tool material, lowest main cutting force 592 N at 260 m/min and lowest average surface roughness (0.424 μm) at 230 m/min with KYS25 ceramic tool was found. While cutting speed and feed rate has higher effect on the cutting force, the feed rate and cutting speed has seen higher effect on average surface roughness. In the cutting force and surface roughness turning tests, the KYON 4300 cutting tool has seen better performance than the other cutting tools.
Yao Fu
University of Cincinnati, USA
Title: First-principles based multiscale multiphysics approaches for integrated computational materials engineering
Time : 15:00-15:20
Biography:
Yao Fu is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at the University of Cincinnati. Prior to that, she conducted her Postdoctoral studies at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and University of Colorado at Boulder. She received her PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of Pittsburgh in 2013. Her research interests lie in the area of computationally guided innovative materials design and manufacturing as well as atomistic-continuum multiscale simulation to realize the integrated computational materials engineering paradigm. Her work has been published in more than 20 peer-reviewed journals and book chapters.
Abstract:
Advanced materials play key roles in the technological developments in many disciplines such as aerospace engineering, bioengineering, mechanical engineering and more. In order to reduce the cycle from design to deployment of advanced materials, integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) seeks to build a new paradigm that links design and manufacturing via materials models at multiple length scales in a seamless and integrated computational environment. Advances in computational, experimental material sciences and engineering offers promises for the rapid exploitation and introduction of new materials concurrent to system designs and engineering through the innovative framework. In this seminar, the importance of the first-principles based multiscale/multiphysics framework to realize the ICME paradigm will be demonstrated. By providing a deeper understanding of the underlying physics of the materials and systems at various length scales, a physics-based, i.e. first principles-based, computational predictive model would allow us to interpret and control complex materials and system behaviors.
Hasan Oktem,
Kocaeli University, Turkey
Title: Investigation of energy consumption on thread machining of austempered ductile cast iron materials
Time : 15:20-15:40
Biography:
Hasan Oktem has completed his PhD from Kocaeli University. He has taken of degree of Associated Professor. He has published more than 14 papers in SCIE index and has worked in the field of production of a new type non asbestos brake pads, plastic injection molding and and metal cutting processes.
Abstract:
Ductile cast iron materials are used as fittings elements due to their high strength, ductility and toughness properties with different heat-treatment conditions. The microstructure of fittings parts consists of graphite spheres dispersed in ferrite or ferrite-perlite. But, since fitting elements have small wall thickness and cooling rates is high during casting process, this situation is caused to low strength and fracture in the wall of fittings. In this study, the fittings samples of machinability with threading process have been investigated by means of energy-power transformations. For this purpose, the austempering heat treatment was applied to the samples of fittings produced from ductile cast iron materials having to high perlite rate in ferrite-perlite matrix. Thus, the fracture is reduced and the mechanical properties are developed. The fittings samples from casting were austenitized at 900°C for 30, 60 and 90 minutes, quenched immediately in a salt bath at 280°C and subjected to austempering for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Empirical equations such as Power Index (PI), Energy Consumption (Wh/mL), Torque (Nm), Maximum Power (kW) and percentage spindle force are calculated to determine energy-power consumption during threading process. Also, the relationship between energy-power consumption and the microstructure and hardness of heat treated samples has been examined.
Youssef S Matter
United Arab Emirates University, UAE
Title: Effect of engine location on flutter speed and frequency of a tapered viscoelastic wing
Time : 15:40-16:00
Biography:
Youssef Matter has completed his BSc in Aerospace Engineering in 2014 from Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research and currently pursuing his MSc in Mechanical Engineering at United Arab Emirates University. He is a research engineer at the Mechanical Engineering Department of UAE University.
Abstract:
The flutter of a tapered viscoelastic wing carrying an engine and subjected to a follower thrust force is investigated. The wing is considered as a cantilever tapered Euler-Bernoulli beam, made of a linear viscoelastic material where Kelvin-Voigt model is assumed to represent the viscoelastic behavior of the material. In addition, quasi-steady and unsteady aerodynamic forces models are introduced along with the follower thrust force. The mass and inertia of the engine are modeled in order to achieve more realistic behavior of the engine upon flutter characteristics of the system. Moreover, the governing equations of motion are derived through the Extended Hamilton’s Principle. The generalized function theory is used to more accurately consider the contribution of the mass and its follower force in the governing equations. The resulting partial differential equations are solved by Galerkin method along with the classical flutter investigation approach. Parametric studies highlighting the sensitivity of the chord-wise engine location, the span-wise engine location, and the vertical engine location on the flutter speed and flutter frequency are reported. It is found that the location of the engine in the three directions play an important role in the dynamic stability of the wing.