Day 3 :
- Track 11: Material Processing; Track 12: Energy Processing; Track 14: Heat Transfer Systems; Track 10: Bioengineering and Bio-Mechanics; Track 16: Mechanical Engineering and Management
Session Introduction
Fuat OKUMUÅž
Gediz University
Turkey
Title: Investigation of the effect of tio2 on the thermal, mechanical and erosive properties of aviation thermoplastic composite
Time : 10:05-10:25
Biography:
Fuat OKUMUÅž has completed his PhD in the 1997 from Fırat University in Turkey and then , He has been full professor in the 2010. He has published more than 22 papers in reputed journals and conducted three projects which were supported by TÜBÄ°TAK(Turkey Science and Technology association).He have been performing to the main courses of machine engineering such as strength,statics,failure analysis,composite materials,mechanics of Composite materials,project managements. He is still in charge the director of Department of the Machine Engineering of The Gediz University.
Abstract:
The main goal of this study is to analyze the effect of increasing the amount of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particle filler in polyetherimide (PEI) thermoplastic composite materials, which are widely used in automotive and aircraft components. TiO2 generally improves the stiffness of the materials but reduces their erosion resistance, and filler concentration beyond 10 % impairs the bending strength. In the present study, variation of the bending, thermal, and solid-particle erosive wear properties of TiO2-reinforced PEI thermoplastic composites were investigated by changing the amount of TiO2 filler. The results confirmed that higher filler concentrations improved the bending strength of the composite structure, but decreased their erosion resistance. It was also found that the bending properties of the thermoplastic composite samples eroded at a 90 degree impingement angle remained nearly equal to those of the uneroded samples, whereas they were significantly reduced at a 30 degree impingement angle. We also determined the thermal stability of the composites using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods.
Abdullah Altin
Van Yuzuncu Yıl University
Turkey
Title: A comparative study on optimization of machining parameters by turning nickel based super alloys according to taguchi method
Time : 10:25-10:45
Biography:
Abdullah Atin is an Assistant Professor Dr. in Van Vocational of Higher School Mechanical and Metal Tachnology Department, from Van Yuzuncu Yıl University in Turkey. His field of study is Manufacturing and Construction and has been working on CAD/CAM (Computer aid Design/Computer Aid Manufacture), Solid Edge, Master Cam and Production Technics. He has been in Germany Zittau- Gorlitz University, Mechanical Engineering department for research and access to training in CAD/CAM by Erasmus Project. And he has also been invited for teaching Staff Mobility By Erasmus Program to France, Nancy University of Lorraine, Mechanical Engineering Department in May 2013 and June 2014. Since 1996 he has been working at Yuzuncu Yıl University as a Lecturer and then as an Assistant Professor. Presently he is the Head of Department.
Abstract:
In this paper, the effects of cutting tool coating material and cutting speed on cutting forces and surface roughness were investigated on a Taguchi experimental design by turning Hastelloy X and Inconel 625. Main cutting force, Fz is considered to be cutting force as a criterion. The effects of machining parameters were investigated using Taguchi L18 orthogonal array. Optimal cutting conditions were determined using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, which is calculated for average surface roughness and cutting force according to the "the smaller is better" approach. Using the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal-to–noise (S/N) ratio, effects of parameters of both average surface roughness and cutting forces were statistically investigated. It has seen that while feed rate and cutting speed has a higher effect on cutting force in Hastelloy X, the cutting tool and cutting speed has a higher effect on cutting force in Inconel 625 while the depth of cut and feed rate has a higher effect on average surface roughness on Hastelloy X, cutting speed and cutting tool has a higher effect on average surface roughness in Inconel 625.
Sunwoo Kim
University of Alaska Fairbanks
USA
Title: Optimum configuration for roadway embankment stabilization on permafrost using constructal law
Time : 10:45-11:05
Biography:
Sunwoo Kim received his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering and materials science from Duke University in 2008. Upon graduation he began his post-doctoral career, working as a research assistant professor at the University of Nevada, Reno. In 2010, he joined the Mechanical Engineering faculty of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. His research interests are in a board spectrum of enhanced heat and mass transfer and renewable energy systems
Abstract:
Constructing surface facilities on the permafrost soils is an engineering challenge. Moreover, evading the thaw-settlement on roadway embankments is not an easy task due to the shifting thermal regime under the ground soil in accordance to the seasonal temperature variations. Out of all engineered cooling solutions available to stabilize the permafrost soil usage of thermosyphons has attracted many researchers through its outstanding results1compared to other cooling methods. The only limitation in using thermosyphons is of their high cost. In this research, optimization of thermosyphons is the primary goal. We are using Constructal law for this, which accounts for the universal tendency of freely morphing flow systems to generate configurations that evolve toward greater access for their currents. The areas of interest in the research is to compare the cooling effects and to find the optimal spacing between thermosyphons for both parallel evaporator and the bifurcated evaporator (T, Y and U sections), to find the ideal bifurcation level and analyze the cooling effects of different bifurcated level models.
Fan-Gang Tseng
National Tsing-Hua University
Taiwan
Title: Nano/Micro fluidic systems for circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) rapid detection and diagnosis
Time : 11:20-11:40
Biography:
Tseng received his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from UCLA, USA, in 1998. He is currently a professor of ESS Dept. as well as NEMS I., and the Deputy Director of the Biomedical Technology Research Center at NTHU. He was elected an ASME fellow in 2014. His research interests are in the fields of BioNEMS, Biosensors, Micro-Fluidics, Tissue Chips, and Fuel Cells. He received 60 patents, wrote 8 book chapters, published more than SCI 150 Journal papers and 360 conference technical papers. He received several awards, including National Innovation Award, Outstanding in research award, and Mr. Wu, Da-Yo Memorial Award from MOST, Taiwan, and eight best paper/poster awards.
Abstract:
Despite the recent advancement of biotechnology and pharmaceutical research, cancers remain the leading cause of human mortality. It is vital to diagnose cancers at an early stage when treatment can dramatically improve prognosis. So far, low-cost and easy to operate devices, which allow efficient isolation and sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for routine blood screening, remain lacking. This talk will introduce a novel micro fluidic platform which can isolate CTCs from the real blood sample in 30 minutes: this system includes a high throughput blood cell separation chip which can separate white blood cells with CTCs from red blood cells and platelets by inertial and suction actions; a nano structured surface which can allow higher retention rate of CTCs on the surface for sample enrichment by 100 folds from 1/107 upto 1/105 CTCs/WBCs.ï¼›and the enriched sample will go through a final cells self-assembly process into a densed monolayer on a cell assembly chip for in parallel inspection at high speed. As a result, the CTCs can be identified in 30 minutes by the integration of these three chips altogether. Isolated CTCs will still be in vital and can be further characterized and cultivated for the identification of cancer stem cells for prognosis.
Wang Bin
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and
Astronautics
China
Title: Simulation research of driving schemes for a dynamic calibration system of fuel turbine flow meters
Time : 11:40-12:00
Biography:
Wang Bin is an lecturer at Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Aerospace Power System, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in China. He is a master tutor since 2010. He received his doctor’s degree from Zhejiang University in 2009 and his research area was hydraulic pumps. His postdoctoral research was done at the post-doctoral research station of aerospace science and technology from 2009 to 2012. Now his research interests are design and test of aviation hydraulic systems and components, especially aerospace auxiliaries like fuel pumps in aero-engines.
Abstract:
As one of the major parameters of fuel system in aero-engine tests, fuel flowrate is basically measured by turbine flowmeters(TFM). However, the meter coefficient would inevitably change due to the action of working medium, ambient condition or component wear. Regular calibration of the fuel TFMs must be carried out closely. Calibration can be essentially divided into static calibration and dynamic calibration. Because no dynamic calibration equipment and no corresponding appraisal procedure are applicable currently to these flowmeters used for a long time, confidence level for its dynamic measurement results is greatly affected and the practical demands for dynamic tests of high-maneuver aircrafts cannot be satisfied. In this work, a novel fuel hydraulic circuit is designed, in which a nozzle-flapper valve is adopted to generate a standard flow excitation, and the homologous driving schemes including the torque motor type and the piezoelectric stack type are given as the alternative solutions to drive the high-speed exciting valve. Based on a brief introduction of the calibration system principle, these two above-mentioned driving schemes are mathematically modelled and simulated using AMESim softwae tool respectively. Simulation results show that dynamic calibration system driven by piezoelectric-stack provides a faster and larger excitation flow than by the torque motor. In the mean time, the piezoelectric-stack driving scheme can ensure the reliable anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) and control the flapper flutter more effectively.
Yang Rongfei
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
China
Title: Study on the penny platform of variable stator vane in compressor
Time : 12:00-12:20
Biography:
Rongfei Yang is a lecturer at Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Aerospace Power Systems, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nangjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. She received her doctor’s degree from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2011.Her research focuses mainly on unsteady flow phenomena in turbo-machinery including wake, tip leakage flow and their interaction with blade and shock. She also has been doing research in flow control in compressor or turbine such as variable stator vane,blade tip treatment to improve compressor or turbine performance.
Abstract:
Variable stator vane (VSV) is widely used in multistage compressors of gas turbines, which can improve the compressor performance at off-design conditions. The gap between the vane ends and the casing or hub of the compressor should be enough large to ensure the reliable vane rotation, so effects on the compressor performance cannot be ignored. Due to the plugged part of the gap, location and size of the adopted and the effects of penny platform location on performance of 2-D cascade are studied through experiment and numerical simulation. The penny platform is processed to match blade profile at one end of each vane. Numerical calculation of the annular cascade with cylindrical penny platform is carried out, in which the penny platforms at opposite ends of the vane are given the different location and size. Results show that the loss of cascade at large attack can reach the minimum level when the penny platform occupies the front half blade and covers the leading edge of the blade. At the same time, the penny platform should be large enough to block up the high load zone of the blade. The end wall loss is greater near the casing than near the hub.
Ahmet Ermeydan
Anadolu University
Turkey
Title: Flight control of a UAV using fuzzy gain–scheduled PID
Time : 12:20-12:40
Biography:
Ahmet Ermeydan is a research assistant at Anadolu University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics in Turkey. He received his master degree in the area of fault tolerant control of quadcopters from Anadolu University in 2015. His research field includes aircraft design, flight control and fault tolerant control.
Abstract:
In this study, flight control of Pioneer Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is presented based on fuzzy gain-scheduled PID controller. Pioneer UAV is stabilized with four control subsystems which are airspeed, altitude, yaw rate and heading controllers. Airspeed subsystem uses only airspeed as feedback to the controller and its output is limited by 350 N thrust and time constant of 0.25 s. Remaining actuators including ailerons, elevator and rudder are also limited by position of ±30 deg, rate of 150 deg/s and time constant of 0.1 s. Altitude subsystem consists of three cascade loops for pitch rate, pitch angle and height control of the UAV. In the same way, heading subsystem has three loops for roll rate, roll angle and heading control of the aircraft. Cascade control system design provides some good characteristics in flight control such as disturbance rejection and better damping and stability. Performance of classic PID and Fuzzy-PID controllers designed for airspeed, altitude and heading are compared based on time response specifications utilizing MATLAB/Simulink environment. Only outer loops are included in the comparison of the system. Although there is not much difference between the controllers commanding airspeed from 60 m/s to 50 m/s, Fuzzy-PID is more robust than conventional PID in the beginning of the simulation. Altitude Fuzzy-PID response of the UAV gives a better tracking performance than classic PID taking into account the transient response characteristics of the system. Finally, Fuzzy-PID gives a faster response than classic PID with less overshoot in heading control of the aircraft. To sum up, results show that changing controller gains dynamically exhibits a better performance than fixed gain values.
Lu Jia
Taiyuan University of Science and Technology
China
Title: The research on technological parameters of short forming process of ring parts
Time : 12:40-13:00
Biography:
Lu Jia has became a PhD candidate at the age of 25 years in TaiYuan University of Science and Technology in 2014, majored in materials science and engineering. She has published more than 5 papers in reputed journals and 4 patents in CPB .
Abstract:
As essential basal spare part of contemporary mechanical device, ring parts have found wide application in the fields of aviation and space and other industrial. The existing production process of ring parts has exposed many disadvantages such as serious waste of material, energy consuming, long production cycle and un-ideal production quality. The object of this study is to introduce a new short ring processing, which make use of the remained heat of casting to hot rolling directly. Take 42CrMo alloy steel as an example in the research, the technological parameters in the ring processing was investigated by means of experiment research and numerical simulation. The smelting temperature is 1700℃, the casting temperature, depanning temperature and initial temperature of mold are 1520℃, 1050℃, 2000℃, respectively, and spinning rate of the mold in the casting is 6.7r/s The heat preservation temperature and the soaking time in heating process are 1050℃ and 30 minutes respectively, then persistent overheating at the rate of 5℃ per minute to 1150℃ and keep for 5minutes. The initial rolling temperature is 1150℃, the rolling rate is 2 and the range of mandrel roller feeding speed is 0.35mm/s to 2.57mm/s. These parameters offered important reference value for technology research and development in short process, and also promoted the application in short process of plastic forming.
Hamza Alsalla
Exeter University
UK
Title: Effect of different building direction on fracture toughness of ultra high strength aerospace components made by additive manufacturing
Time : 13:00-13:20
Biography:
Hamza Alsalla has got a high diploma in renewable energy and mechanical engineering from the academy of graduate studies, Libya and he has received his master degree in Aerospace materials from Sheffield University, department of material science and engineering, United Kingdom since 2012. Also he has started his PhD since September 2013 at the University of Exeter, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science. He is a lecture in the Technology College of Civil Aviation and Meteorology, Sbeah-Libya and Demonstrate Tutorial in mechanics at Exeter University. He is Ex-lecture in Alzzaytouna University –Libya. His research interest are in aerospace material and mechanical engineering.
Abstract:
Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) are an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique that produces complex three- dimensional parts by adding layer up on layer of powder materials from bottom to top. Recently, AM has received large amount of press and is set to have a large impact such as decreasing the cost of production, fast and flexible, design freedom, increase the innovation opportunities and develop new materials system for the consumption of Aerospace industries. Since the major problems come across in the process is limited surface quality, and residual porosity in SLM and DMLS parts may be undesirable for some applications where fatigue resistance and high strength are essential. This research aims to improve the fracture toughness, ductility and fatigue life for the metallic components, which is essential to entirely exploit potential of the SLM and DMLS of these alloys for aerospace applications. The development in the Additive Manufacturing technology is not only limited to new machines and new materials and methods but also new processes, to offer high mechanical properties and performance. This research focus on DMLS and SLM of Titanium and Stainless steel alloys to investigate the effect of different building direction on strength, ductility and fracture toughness property. This investigation may create a strong need for a system that could contribution in the selection of the possible process chains, materials and finishing options and may extend the capability of AM process to generate high performance component for commercial application in aerospace industries.
Biography:
Mohammadreza khani has completed his Ph.D at the age of 40 years from Teharan resaerch and sciences branch of IAU. He is the head of water purification research center of IAUTMU. He has published more than 45 papers in international and national journals and has been authorizing more thao 40 books in environmental health engineering.
Abstract:
The cistern under investigation supplied cold drinking water for the local community in old days when city water distribution system and mechanical refrigeration systems were not available. Long-term underground cold-water cisterns had been used in the hot and arid regions. These cisterns provide cold drinking water during warm seasons for local communities. In this paper, the thermal performance of an underground cold-water cistern during the withdrawal cycles in warm seasons is investigated. The cistern is located in the central region the city of Yazd. The results show a stable thermal stratification in the cistern throughout the withdrawal cycle. The thermal stratification has different position in up and down of cistern. In the upper of surface cistern the thermal is different, because of several factors such as: thermal exchange among the upper layers of water and the domed roof, transfer of mass and evaporation due to entry air from the wind towers.
Biography:
Shuh Jing Ying graduated from Provincial Shao-Hing High School. Because of the World War II, he was in military service graduating through Chinese Air Force Technology Institute. He served 4 years in the Engine Overhaul Factory in Taiwan China as a Lieutenant, and then he entered National Cheng-Kung University, Majored in mechanical engineering. He, in 1958, completed MSc at Brown University and PhD at Harvard University in 1966. He received Outstanding Faculty Award in 1975, Engineer of Year Award in 1985, elected as Fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1995, and published a text book ‘Advanced Dynamics’ in 1997. He retired in the year of 2000 and earned a title of Emeritus Professor. He is currently working in a part-time job in the University of South Florida.
Abstract:
Wheelchair scale is available, but is usually of floor type and huge in size. Our scale is aimed to be similar to the bathroom scale, portable and inexpensive. The maximum capacity of the common bathroom scale is 440 lbs. Because the weight of the wheelchair is about 200 to 300 lbs and the weight of a patient could be 120 to 300 lbs. So the capacity of a wheelchair scale should be about 600 lbs. This figure is just above the maximum limit of the bathroom scale. Therefore, we need to build one by ourselves. The design of the wheelchair scale is similar to bathroom scale but bigger is size and higher in capacity. But to our surprise no schematic diagram can be found in the computer internet. And it is difficult to figure out the circuit from the existing scale, because it is in printed circuit board. However, the whole device is simple so we started from scratch. We use strain gage as the sensor, NPN transistor as the power supply for constant current. Then the signal is amplified and the analogue output is converted to BCD signal and BCD signal is converted to 7-segments code for LED display. In the whole paper, the detailed schematic diagram is included. Also because the audience in the conference is not all in electric engineering, so some additional explanations will be provided for binary, BCD and 7-segments code etc. To find those parts from electronic supply companies is another challenge to us but they are found. The device is built and the picture is attached. The accuracy of the scale is set that at 450 lbs the error is zero. Away from 450 lbs the error increasing gradually depends on the linearity of the strain gages. Exact error chart and the procedure to reach to this accuracy will be given in the paper.
Jonny Carlos da Silva
Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil
Title: Design for reliability of mechatronic systems supported by knowledge-based systems in design process early phases
Time : 14:40-15:00
Biography:
Jonny Carlos da Silva has completed his DE and is a Professor at UFSC, Brazil. He has worked as Post-Doc Researcher at NASA Ames Research Center. He has more than 50 papers on design and knowledge-based systems. He is the Co-Author of a book on integrated product design. He is also a Master Coach and Speaker.
Abstract:
Mechatronic devices integrated with control systems are fundamental to safe operational condition of complex vehicles, especially aircrafts. In order to ensure reliability of aircraft mechatronic systems, with consequent improvement in safety, it is necessary to pay special attention to failures in these devices and their consequences in other sub-systems from the early design phases. An important element to consider is the electromagnetic compatibility, which deals with electrical and magnetic relations among components or between sub-systems operating in the same electromagnetic environment that may produce interference and malfunction. This paper presents a literature review on fault analysis in mechatronic and electronic control systems caused by electromagnetic problems, followed by the description of a Knowledge-Based System (KBS) prototype for the early design phases focused on electromagnetic compatibility and reliability of mechatronic systems. The prototype includes a knowledge base on mechatronic design. Rules, object-oriented modeling and semantic networks are implemented as knowledge representation techniques. Results are evaluated and discussed by experts in mechatronics and design. The paper also discusses issues on expandability and validation of KBS prototype.
Chol-Bum ‘Mike’ Kweon
US Army Research Laboratory
USA
Title: Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) engine research at US Army research laboratory
Biography:
Chol-Bum ‘Mike’ Kweon completed his PhD from University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2002. He worked for Gas Technology Institute, General Motors R&D, General Motors Powertrain, and Delphi Advanced Powertrain. He is the Team Leader of Power Generation Research Team at the US Army Research Laboratory. He has published more than 60 technical and journal papers and 31 intellectual properties. He teaches a graduate-level combustion course at Johns Hopkins University and an undergraduate Internal Combustion Engine class at University of Maryland-College Park. He also serves as a Technical POC and Committee Member in multiple DoD organizations and technical communities.
Abstract:
Demand for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) aircrafts is projected to increase dramatically in the near future. U.S. Army has four major UAS aircrafts with varying propulsion technologies from battery, rotary, to diesel engines. Selection of the technologies is currently based on the power range: small UAS powered with battery, medium UAS with aviation gasoline powered rotary engine (28 kW), and large UAS with Jet fuel powered diesel engine (119 kW). Each technology has its own issues with a common issue of reliability. The major issue of the battery-powered UAS aircraft is its weight and flight time with a huge burden on soldiers who need to carry the battery system. Rotary engine technology has its inherent seal issues due to its large contact areas, and it is difficult to efficiently burn heavy fuels due to its inherent low compression ratio. The diesel engine version is the most reliable but it still has significant reliability issues. One of the major issues may be induced due to large fuel property variation of Jet fuels. For instance, Cetane number of Jet fuels varies from as low as 30 to over 50 in the battlefields which will have significant impact on ignition and combustion processes of UAS aircrafts at high altitudes. Abnormal combustion could lead to detonation which could damage the engines and lead to loss of aircrafts. In this presentation, the effects of fuel properties on UAS engine combustion will be presented. In addition, spray and combustion processes of different fuel properties will be presented both in experiment and 3D CFD.
Khalil Khanafer
Australian College of Kuwait
Kuwait
Title: Computational study of hemodynamic effect of false lumen partial thrombosis of type b aortic dissection for various tear size and configuration
Time : 15:20-15:40
Biography:
Khalil Khanafer has completed his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Ohio State University. He has several years of experience in modeling thermal and biomedical applications. He is the head of Mechanical Engineering Department at Australian College of Kuwait. He has published more than 40 peer-reviewed journals and has been serving as an Associate Editors for Journal of Porous media and Special Topics & Reviews in Porous Media: An International Journal, and in the editorial board of Annals of Vascular Surgery.
Abstract:
The aim of this investigation is to study numerically the hemodynamic effect of false lumen partial thrombosis of an aortic dissection for various tear size and configuration. The numerical model will be validated against the experimental results from a bench-top-model in the absence of thrombus. Various numerical meshes will be constructed using a finite-volume based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver (ANSYS Fluent 15) to simulate pulsatile flow and pressure in dissected aorta models. The Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model will be imbedded. All simulations will be carried out for enough cardiac cycles to achieve a periodic solution, and the results obtained in the last cycle will be used in the validation. The effect of false lumen partial thrombosis for various tear size and configuration will be presented in this investigation. We anticipate that the presence of thrombus will affect significantly the pressure difference between the false lumen and true lumen as well as the flow pattern and wall stresses.
Gholamhossein Liaghat
Tarbiat Modares University
Iran
Title: Impact behavior of syntactic foam core sandwich panels
Time : 15:40–16:00
Biography:
Gholamhossein Liaghat has completed his PhD at the age of 29 years (25 years ago) from University of Manchester Institute of science and technology (UMIST), UK and postdoctoral studies from Manchester University. He is professor of mechanical engineering and the director of Impact Mechanics Research Group and Laboratory at Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran and currently visiting professor at Kingston University, London, UK. He has published more than 110 papers in international journals and conferences and serving as an editorial board member of IJCM.
Abstract:
In this study the impact behavior of sandwich panels with syntactic foam core was experimentally investigated. The sandwich panels were similar in facing of woven fabric glass fiber / epoxy matrix composite laminates and with six different types of epoxy based syntactic foams as core. The syntactic foams filled with ceramic microballoons of 0.1 thickness ratio and effective density of 0.7 kg/m3 with three different sizes (80, 130, and180 micron) and three different volume fractions (20 ,40 and 60 percent). The fabricated specimens were tested with a ballistic gas-gun using a light blunt steel projectile. The ballistic limit velocities were measured carefully and the damage mechanisms that absorb energy during the perforation process were considered by exploring the damages of specimens. Although the results showed that with increasing the volume fraction of microballoons the ballistic limit decreases but the panel with 40 % volume fraction of microballoons had the most specific perforation energy. Also, the results indicated that the impact resistance of the panels with syntactic foam core of smaller microballoons became more. A large number of experimental results were presented, compared, discussed and commented upon.
Kambiz Vafai
University of California, Riverside
USA
Title: The anomalous behavior of nano fluids thermal properties: Do we really have an answer for this dilemma?
Biography:
Kambiz Vafai has authored over 300 journal publications, book chapters and symposium volumes. He is a Fellow of ASME, AAAS, Associate Fellow of AIAA and is the distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of California, Riverside, where he started as the Presidential Chair. He had received the 2006 ASME Memorial Award and the InterPore’s Highest Award (2011) and the ASME Classic paper award (1999) and is amongst the ISI highly cited scientists. He holds 12 US patents. His latest book which he has edited is entitled “Handbook of Porous Media-Third Edition†which is published by CRC/Taylor & Francis.
Abstract:
A large number of research work related to the heat transfer enhancement using nanofluids both experimentally and theoretically was conducted by a number of investigators. Although various studies have shown that nanofluids illustrate higher heat transfer enhancement than those of base fluids, contradictory results on nanofluids behavior were also reported. Many researchers observed the phenomenon of higher thermal conductivity of various nanofluids compared to that of the base fluids. However, differences between the results were observed, i.e., some showed that the increase of thermal conductivity of nanofluids is an anomaly that cannot be predicted by the existing conventional equation; while some others showed that the increase is not an anomaly and can be predicted by using the existing conventional equation. Recently, a number of studies showed superior thermal conductivity of grapheme (single two-dimensional layer of carbon atoms bound in a hexagonal lattice structure) much higher than the value observed in all other materials (> 5000 W•m−1•K−1). This value should be verified since the measurements at the atomic scale may exhibit a large error when determining the temperature gradient across the atomic layer. While many studies in literature have reported enhanced effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids, specific heat capacity measurements have shown controversial results. The effects of temperature and nanoparticles volume fraction on the specific heat capacity of conventional nanofluids are in agreement in all studies cited in this study. Disagreement was reported for the results of the specific heat capacity of molten salt-based nanofluids. A number of studies showed an enhancement in the specific heat capacity of nanofluids using 1% concentration of nanoparticles by weight only. However, other studies have shown deterioration in the specific heat capacity of nanofluids compared with the base mixture using various volume concentrations of nanoparticles. Therefore, additional theoretical and experimental research studies are required to clarify the mechanisms responsible for specific heat capacity enhancement or deterioration in nanofluids.
Debao Zhou
University of Minnesota
USA
Title: Design of a constant-voltage-source to array of sensors to optimize heart-beat detection
Biography:
Debao Zhou is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD). He joined UMD as an assistant professor in 2009. Prior to this, he was a McKnight professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at UMD. From 2005 to 2008, he was with Georgia Institute of Technology as a Postdoctoral fellow. He received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical and Production Engineering in Nanyang Technological University, Singapore in 2004. He also earned an M.Eng. degree and a B.Eng. degree from Tsinghua University, P. R. China all in Mechanical Engineering.
Abstract:
This work presents the design of a circuit to capture the signal from the skin-like heart beat sensor and convert it to an electrical signal. The circuit is one part of the optical heart beat detection system which also includes the skin-like optical sensor array and the laser source and data processing unit. The circuit will be connected with the sensor array and be able to detect the sensing signal at each element of the array. The sensor system could also be applied to contact form detection in other biomedical system. The sensing element of the sensor system is realized through the measurement of the change of the resistance. The circuit will power the circuit with a sequence of pulses and the output is distinguishable corresponding to each pulse. The circuit can handle single input and multiple outputs. Testing results showed that the prototype of our circuit built on a breadboard can meet the design criteria with the defect of non-zero offset at the output when the circuit is not powered. Based on the breadboard circuit, the final circuit will be fabricated through CMOS technology on 3mm×3mm silicon chip in order to accommodate the real application of the sensor.
Evgeny A. Demekhin
Laboratory of Electro-Hydrodynamics
Financial University
Title: Nano-scale electro kinetics in one- and two-phase flows: instabilities, bifurcations, and patter formation
Biography:
Evgeny Demekhin received his Ph.D. in Physics and Mathematics from Moscow State University and postdoctoral studies from Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science. He worked as a Visiting Professor at the University of Notre Dame, MIT, West Virginia University, Morgantown, the Bordeaux University, France, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Madrid, EPSRC Visiting Fellow at Leeds University, England. He is a Director of the Laboratory of Electro-Hydrodynamics of Micro- and Nanoscales in the Financial University, Moscow. He has published 142 papers and one monograph.
Abstract:
The advent of micro-, nano- and biotechnologies in the last decade has spurred numerous new and active research areas, in particular, problems of electrokinetics. Other than the practical importance of these effects is a theoretical interest to these problems: study of the space charge in the electric double-ion layer is a fundamental problem of modern physics, first addressed by Helmholtz. We shall focus on an often-ignored phenomenon: the underlying very rich hydromechanics. The relevant hydrodynamics involves micro-scale vortices, vortex instabilities and even turbulence like eddy fluctuations whose vortex pairing dynamics create a range of vortex sizes, all at miniscule Reynolds numbers. Singularities, instabilities, turbulence, continuum of length scales, self-similar solution, vortex pairing etc are among the investigated phenomena. Despite of their micro and nano length scales, these instabilities and bifurcations exhibit all the hall marks of other classical hydrodynamic instabilities – a subharmonic cascade, wide-band fluctuation spectrum and coherent-structure dominated spatio-temporal dynamics. We shall present our results for the one-phase electrokinetic instability near charge-selective surfaces, influence to this instability of the surface profile, the effect of a coupling between electrokinetic phenomena and the surface hydrophobicity, Joule heating, geometric confinement etc. Unstable two-phase liquid-gas flows with a mobile surface charge finalize our investigation. The problems are studied from the viewpoint of hydrodynamic stability and bifurcation theory using sophisticated asymptotic methods and direct numerical simulations.
Biography:
Maryam Shafahi received her PhD at Mechanical Engineering from University of California, Riverside at 2010. She has published 7 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member for different journals such as International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer and Heat Transfer Engineering.
Abstract:
Heat pipes and their applications in thermal management have been studied for decades. They are efficient, compact tools to dissipate substantial amount of heat from various engineering systems. Heat pipes are able to dissipate substantial amount of heat with a small temperature drop along their length while providing a self-pumping ability. Nanofluid heat pipes utilize nanofluid as their working fluid. Nanofluids are a relatively new class of fluids which consist of a base fluid with nano-sized particles (1–100 nm) suspended within them. These particles, generally a metal or metal oxide, alter thermal conductivity of the fluids allowing them to transfer more heat. Nevertheless, addition of nanoparticle to the base fluid increases their density and viscosity which causes more pressure drop along the heat pipe. Based on the published work of the first author, there is an optimum concentration of nanoparticles within the base fluid to exploit the maximum heat transfer in the heat pipe. The purpose of the current work is to verify the previous findings of mathematical model with experimental data. Almost all the research on the use of nanoparticles in heat pipes is either obtained by merely experimental or mathematical models. To the best of authors’ knowledge; there is a lack of information on heat pipe characteristics in the presence of a nanofluid based on a model supported by experimental data. In this work, the influence of nanofluid on the heat pipe thermal performance is studied using a mathematical analytical model supported with experimental data. The nanofluid utilized as the working fluid is Al2O3 (Alumina) mixed with water. The changes in velocity, pressure, maximum heat, and thermal resistance of the two phases in a cylindrical heat pipe are studied using Alumina nanoparticles with water as the working fluid. The expected results of the experimental model are to verify the increase in thermal conductivity, pressure drop of the liquid phase and maximum heat transfer for the nanofluid heat pipe compared to conventional cylindrical heat pipe with the same size. As a result, there will be an improvement in thermal resistance of the heat pipe using nanofluid which allows a noticeable reduction in the heat pipe size while transferring a large amount of heat with negligible temperature drop. This feature of the nanofluid heat pipe nominates this devise as a new significantly efficient heat remover for several applications in electronic cooling, aerospace and biomedical industry.
El-Sayed M. Sherif
King Saud University
Saudi Arabia
Title: Effect of carbon content on the corrosion of aluminum-titanium carbide alloy in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride solutions
Biography:
Prof. Sherif has been appointed Professor in the Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM) at KSU. He assumed his duties in October 2008. Prior to joining KSU, Prof. Sherif has been holding a Professor position at the National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt. He has previously held the positions of Associate Professor, Researcher, Researcher Assistant, and Assistant Researcher at NRC from 1994 till 2002. On Feb. 2004 and for a complete year, he served as a Postdoctoral Fellow for Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), South Korea. Prof. Sherif also spent three other years (Sept. 2005 to Sept. 2008) as a Postdoctoral Fellow for the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), Johannesburg, South Africa. Prof. Sherif has more than 90 ISI papers, a book chapter, and attended more than 20 international conferences.
Abstract:
Three aluminum-titanium carbide (Al-TiC) alloys were manufactured using mechanical alloying technique at 1300 ºC as sintering temperature. The effect of increasing the carbon content on the corrosion of these alloys in 3.5% NaCl solutions was investigated using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, chronoamperometric current-time, open-circuit potential, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The surface of the alloys after their corrosion in the test solution was investigated using scanning electron microscopy investigations. All results were consistent with each other and confirmed clearly that the corrosion resistance of Al alloys remarkably increased with increasing the carbon content.
S.Y. Marzouk
Arab Academy for Science and Technology
Egypt
Title: Power extraction experimentally from regular wave using the wave hunter system
Biography:
S.Y. Marzouk is a Professor and head department of basic and applied science, Feb 2012 – till now faculty of engineering and Technology, Arab Academy of Science and Technology. He had award of Promoting scientific of National Research Centre 2008 about Solid state physics. He had obtained seven awards for distinctive researches and published in international scientific periodicals from Arab Academy of Science and Technology,2010-2011 for all papers in solid state physics and material science.
Abstract:
The most critical problem that faces the modernization and development of any country is the energy crisis. This issue is strongly appeared in the last decades due to the rise in fossil fuel price and environmental impact of combustion. The world will need new energy supplies and an upgraded energy infrastructure to meet the growing demands for electric power and transportation fuels. For this situation, much clean energy is expected to blossom for satisfy the energy amount for this civilization, which is inflating. Wave energy is one of the green energy available annually and has enormous energy stored. However, the problem is that type of energy has not been effectively used so far. A new design is introduced to the wave energy conversion system to produce power from regular and irregular waves. This system is called WAVE HUNTER. Furthermore, the results introduce the experimental testing evaluation of this system with some innovative float shapes in water tank.
Biography:
Asiful Hossain Seikh is an experienced result oriented Researcher with a professional background comprising 18years of research, technical and supervisory experience in materials, corrosion, mechanical, chemical and metallurgy engineering. His areas of technical experience include materials/polymer research and testing, failure analysis, materials specification and selection, corrosion control and monitoring, paints and coating evaluation, inhibitor evaluation and chemical treatment. Dr. Seikh has completed his Bachelor degree (1994) in Materials & Metallurgy from National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India and Master (1997) & PhD (2005) in Materials & Metallurgical Engineering from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. During his professional career in KACST (2003-2005), Riyadh, KSA, UAE University (2005-2010), Al Ain, UAE and King Saud University (2011-Present), he has been involved in a number of research and industrial projects related to corrosion and metallurgy. Based on the results of his research work, a number of research papers (17 Journal & 6 Conference) have been published.
Abstract:
In this study, nanocrystalline aluminium alloy were produced from metallic powders with addition of 10wt. %Fe and 5wt. %Cr processed using mechanical alloying (MA) technique. The initial powders were processed in a planetary ball mill for 150 hours at room temperature in an inert atmosphere. The processed powders were consolidated and sintered using a high frequency induction heat sintering (HFIHS) machine to form bulk samples. The consolidation pressure, heating rate, temperature and time of sintering will be 50MPa, 823K/min, 823K, 6minutes, respectively. The crystallize size of the bulk samples was calculated from the peak profile obtained through X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion resistance of nanocrystalline aluminium alloy was studied in 3.5% NaCl solution at room and higher temperatures using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) techniques. Linear polarization resistance curves, Nyquist data and Bode curves obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, suggest that the alloy have good resistance to corrosion in sodium chloride solution at room temperature as well as at higher temperatures.
Emin AÇIKKALP
Anadolu University
Turkey
Title: The energy of lift during climb and cruise for different engine types
Biography:
Emin AÇIKKALP is a Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering . He received his BSc in 2004 from Mechanical Engineering Department at Osmangazi University, Turkey and PhD in 2013 from Graduate School of Sciences at Osmangazi University, Turkey. His research areas are energy, exergy and exergoenvironmetal analysis, advanced exergy based analysis, finite time thermodynamics, renewable energy, statistical thermodynamics, quantum thermodynamics and entransy analysis.
Abstract:
In this study, energy of lift has been calculated for five different hypothetical aircraft engine types in two condition, i- cruise at 8,000ft (2,440m) and ii- climbing at the sea level. Energy analysis is a powerful tool to provide the effective use of energy and to decrease environmental impacts caused by aircrafts as well as other systems. Energy destructions have occurred mostly at the engine components both at the climbing and the cruise conditions. In addition, wings and propellers are the second and third components, respectively, in terms of energy destruction. The less energy of lift was found in the higher aspect ratio of aircraft. The biggest energy destruction rate is equal to 32 kW approximately in the engine that has the second big size. The engine having the biggest power has the maximum energy destruction rate, 473 kW, while climb conditions. As a result of this study, it is concluded that the engines with higher power and fuel mass flow rate have bigger energy destruction rates within their components in terms of the energy of lift; 316 kW destruction in the engine component, 77 kW destruction in the wing component, 25 destruction kW in the propeller component for O-540-J3C5D engine which has 175 kW power.
Esam M. Alawadhi
Kuwait University
Kuwait
Title: An experimental study on heat gain in window with an external shutter
Biography:
Esam Alawadhi is the professor of Mechanical Engineering at Kuwait University. He earned his Doctor of Philosophy (May 2001) in Mechanical Engineering from Carnegie Mellon University, USA. His research focuses on the renewable energy, thermal management of electronics devices, energy conservation for buildings, fluid flow stability, and phase change heat transfer.
Abstract:
Windows are account for the majority of the heat gain in buildings, and to reduce the heat gain, exterior shutters are commonly installed in residential buildings in hot climates. The shutter is typically incompletely close during the daytime to have indoor natural lighting, which potentially reducing the thermal effectiveness of the shutter. Since there is temperature difference between the window glass and shutter, natural convection flow in induced in the space between the window and shutter. Experimental measurements are employed to study the effect of the shatter on the heat gain through the window during the month of June. The results indicate that when the shutter is incompletely closed, the heat gain through window can be increased by 44.5%, depending on the shutter opening distance.
A.Ramadan
Arab Academy for Science and Technology
Egypt
Title: Captured power from irregular wave using the inverted cup float
Biography:
A.Ramadan has completed his Ph.D the age of 35 years from Helwan University Faculty of Engineering after finishing the scholarship period from DAAD. He studied at Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Ship Theory (FDS) of Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), in the field of wave energy conversion system.Mr. Ramadan is lecturer in the basic science department - College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport (AAST) Cairo. Mr. Ramadan has published 4 papers in international conferences and journal and 2 papers under review.
Abstract:
The growing number of the population and increasing rate of well-being with a decrease in the energy resources required are the major problems must be faced now. However, consumption of fossil fuels has become a destructive force. Locally that is because of emissions, spills and leaks pollutants' dispersion, acid rains, global warming, climate changes, sea level rise as well as strip mining. The most appropriate solution to meet the energy deficit is the search for alternative sources of renewable energy and uses it as an alternative to fossil fuels for the production of electricity. Wave energy is one of the green energy available annually and has enormous energy stored. However, the problem is that type of energy has not been effectively used so far. A new design is introduced to the wave energy conversion system to produce power from regular and irregular waves, further more testing this system with some innovative float shapes in water tank.
Onder ALTUNTAS
Anadolu University
Turkey
Title: Determination of energetic and exergetic losses in cylinders for piston-prop aircraft engines
Biography:
Onder ALTUNTAS is a Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He has graduated from the School of Civil Aviation at Anadolu University, Turkey in the year of 2004. He received his PhD from Graduate School of Sciences at Anadolu University, Turkey in 2011. He has published several articles and papers about energy, exergy and exergoenvironmetal analysis and their aircraft applications, especially piston-prop aircrafts. He is still the Assistant Manager of Applied Research Center for Civil Aviation at Anadolu University.
Abstract:
In this study, energy and exergy losses of around piston-prop aircraft engine –naturally aspirated, opposite, four cylinders and air–cooled and 360 in3 cylinder displacement– cylinders in the taxi phase are investigated. The taxi phase is part of the landing and take-off (LTO) phase and about three-fifths of the total LTO phase. A wide range of applications was considered in the calculations. While the duration of the taxi-out, a stage of before the take-off, was measured to be 6m30s, the duration of the taxi-in, a stage of after the landing, was measured to be 5m18s. The remaining phase, the rest of the LTO and cruise, was 1h50m. The outside air temperatures in the taxi-out, and taxi-in were 15.76 ºC and 21.46 ºC, respectively. Under these conditions, the maximum energy and exergy loss rates were calculated 13.39 kW and 3.85 kW for the second cylinder in the taxi-in, while the minimum energy and exergy loss rates were obtained to be 12.85 kW and 3.45 kW for the third cylinder in the taxi-out, respectively. The maximum energy and exergy efficiencies were determined to be 19.96% and 14.63% in the taxi-in, respectively.
Amal Al Ghaferi
Masdar Institute of Science and Technology
UAE
Title: Real-time graphene based scale monitoring smart sensor systems
Biography:
Amal Al Ghaferi is the first National Faculty member at Masdar Institute of Science and Technology. She is an Assistant Professor at the Materials Science and Engineering program. She got her PhD in Materials Science and Engineering from University of Pittsburgh, Pa, USA. She got a 2009 UK Prime Minister’s Initiative award, PMI2, which is a Research Co-operation Funding program between UK and UAE, and she got the 2009 Women in Science and Technology Fellowship from US Department of state . In additional to that, Dr. Al Ghaferi won two of Sheikh Rashid Scientific Distinction Awards one in 2000 and the other in 2007. Dr. Al Ghaferi research interest is in Nanotechnology and how to implement the nanomaterials in potential applications for UAE. Dr. Al Ghaferi had more than 20 publications in this field. Prior joining Masdar Insatiate of Science and Technology, Dr. Al Ghaferi was an assistant Professor at the Physics Department at UAE University in Al Ain, where she got her academic experience in teaching fundamental and advance courses in Physics. Teaching and interacting with students had inspired Dr. Al Ghaferi to support women in the field of Science and Engineering in Middle East. Dr. Al Ghaferi has great interest in Women in Science. She was the organizer of Women in Science workshop at Masdar Institute in 2010 with US Department of State and University of Michigan Dearborn. Also she had played important role in organizing The Clean Energy Education and Empowerment (C3E) women's initiative which was part of the 2nd clean energy ministerial meeting in Abu Dhabi.
Abstract:
The scale deposition at the internal surface of the pipelines under the supersaturation conditions leads to unavoidable damage of the equipment parts. Consequently, suspension of oil operations becomes essential in order to replace the damaged parts. Such interruptions are escorted by extremely high costs. In this project the sensitivity and selectivity of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) to detect scale in oil and gas pipelines is the main goal. Two different methods will be investigated to fabricate sensors that can detect the presence of any new molecule at the surface of CNTs. These sensors can be used as chemical and gaseous sensors that can function in the oil and gas industry’s hostile environments. The first method of making the sensors is the smear casting technique. In this method CNT are dispersed in a polymer matrix (epoxy) using ultra high sonicator. This technique provides strong nanocomposites with electrical properties that responds to changes in chemical composition at its surface. The second technique is using CNTs ink and printing of CNT films using inkjets, which after curing do the same function that casted CNTs can do
Elguja Medzmariashvili
Georgian Technical University
Gerogia
Title: Main directions in transformable engineering structures
Biography:
Elguja Medzmariashvili is a Doctor of Military Science; Doctor of Technical Science; Professor; Major-General; academician of Georgian National Academy of Science. He is a General constructor, senior scientific officer and head of the Institute of Constructions, Special Systems and Engineering Maintenance of Georgian Technical University. He has published more than 250 scientific works, including monographs, manuals, articles, and inventions. He is General Constructor of the first Georgian space object launched into orbit on July 23, 1999. He is a companion of the highest military state award – Vakhtang Gorgassali 1st degree order.
Abstract:
The paper discusses transformational engineering structures. They are creating three main groups: structure of three elements; structures of flexible elements – the principle of tensioned architecture; technological structures – using the principles of grouting and reinforcement. The paper completely discusses transformable engineering structures, composite rigid and flexible elements. Here are discussed the stages of form shaping and the principles of form fixation. The generalized model of each structure is discussed on the base of such logic. They are giving possibility to move on real specific constructional structures from specific schemes.
Liang-Jun Yin
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
China
Title: A novel way to prepare Eu2+ doped Y-Si-O-N based phosphor
Biography:
Liang-Jun Yin is working as a Professor in School of Energy Science and Engineering at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
Abstract:
A novel Y4Si2O7N2: Eu2+ phosphor has been successfully synthesized by an interesting pretreatment method of using HI. Without HI, The appearance of Eu doped Y4Si2O7N2 (YSiON: Eu) is yellow and become darken with the higher concentration of Eu. Unfortunately, no emission is found in the YSiON: Eu. Amazingly, with the use of HI, Y4Si2O7N2: Eu2+ (YSiON: Eu, HI) turns white and basically unchanged with the concentration of Eu. The produced YSiON: Eu, HI phosphor shows a broad emission band in the range of 400–550 nm with a peak at 440 nm. Thus, there must be large difference between YSiON: Eu and YSiON: Eu, HI. The use of HI effectively promote the reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ ions in Y4Si2O7N2 crystal lattice, confirmed by PL spectra, absorption spectra and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis .
Balla Diop Ngom
Universit Cheikh Anta Diop
de Dakar
Senegal
Title: Synthesis, characterisation and proton irradiation of WC1 xBx for space applications
Biography:
Balla Diop Ngom is a 36 years old Senegalese nanomaterial’s scientist who completed a PhD in Physics at the University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar (UCAD) with a Magna Cum Laude merit award, and a second PhD in Physics with the University of the Western Cape, South Africa. He conducted postdoctoral studies at EMT-INRS-Canada; iThemba LABS-NRF-South Africa and UNISA-South Africa. He has produced substantial 30 ISI scientific publications and 3 ISI proceedings. He is currently the Director of the LPN/GPSSM Laboratory at UCAD. His research interests include the design, growth, and ageing control of the nanosystems processing, using Pulsed Laser Deposition.
Abstract:
Achieving effective radiation shielding at low cost and mass is of major interest to the space industry. This article presents a pioneering investigation into the shielding properties of WC1 xBx to low energy protons. This investigation is an attempt to extend the bullet proof applications of W2B5/B4C to space radiation shielding applications, offering low cost and low mass protection against radiation including X-rays, neutrons, gamma rays and protons in low Earth orbit. The focus in this article, however, is on low energy protons. The WC1 xBx coatings were synthesised by the pulsed laser ablation of B4C/W2B5. They were characterised by X-ray Diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Heavy Ion Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis. The characterisation and data analysis strongly suggest a solid solution of the form WC1-xBx which contains crystalline and amorphous forms. The effects of 900 keV proton irradiation were the melting and subsequent growing of nanorods on the surface of the coating, the lateral transfer of the proton energy across the coating surface, and the lateral displacement of matter along the coating surface. These effects show that the coating is a promising cost effective and low mass radiation shield against low energy protons.
Biography:
Chidozie C. Nwobi-Okoye obtained his PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from University of Benin, Nigeria. He is currently the director of postgraduate programs in the Faculty of Engineering of Anambra State University, Uli, Nigeria. He has published more than 28 papers in reputed journals and over 7 papers in local and international conference proceedings, and currently serving as a reviewer as well as in the editorial board of some reputable journals.
Abstract:
A major problem in the development of materials for engineering use is the precise prediction and modeling of its properties. Experimental determination of properties of materials is very expensive, and often development of materials to posses certain properties requires series of costly trials and errors. Sometimes one needs to conduct thousands of experiment in order to precisely predict and model the properties of certain materials required for engineering use. Quite often, in order to avoid the use of experiments mathematical models are used, but mathematical models do fail in certain cases, thus necessitating the use of computational models and artificial intelligence, which is often bereft of complex and messy mathematics, as an alternative. This paper highlights the importance and promise of the use of computational models and artificial intelligence for material development and modeling of their properties. Also discussed is the immense potential of the miracle material, graphene, clay-polymer composites, superconductors etc, advances in modeling their properties and their possible applications in aeronautics, aerospace and mechanical engineering. It is shown that the current and future advances in the development of materials for aeronautics, aerospace and mechanical engineering applications depend to a large extent on the development of excellent computational models and artificial intelligence techniques for modeling engineering materials.
V. Rajendran
K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology
India
Title: : Nano-sized porous mno2 nano particles for electrochemical super capacitor utilizing neutral electrolytes
Biography:
V. Rajendran is the Director, Research & Development, KSR Group of Institutions and Centre for Nano Science and Technology (CNST), K.S Rangasamy College of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India. He has had the privilege of obtaining his Ph.D. degree in Ultrasonics from Annamalai University. He is a fellow and a life member in many Scientific Societies both in India and abroad. He has published more than 189 papers in peer reviewed journals and serving as an associate editor/editorial board member in many leading international journals in nanoscience and technology.
Abstract:
Electrochemical Capacitors (ECs) are attracting energy storage device have gained enormous attention in recent years due to their higher power density and longer cycle-life compared to batteries. It finds potential application like hybrid electric vehicles and pulse power sources for many electronic devices. Different materials are explored as possible electrodes for ECs in aqueous electrolytes including carbonaceous materials, conducting polymers, and transition-metal oxides. Among many transition-metal oxides, MnO2 is the most promising electrode material due to its cheaper, abundance, and environmentally friendly nature. Even though, the theoretical specific capacitance of MnO2 is ~1380 F/g, only less than 30% of its value being realized. Thus, there is a demand for newer material to fulfill the electrochemical properties of charge storage mechanism as electrode. In this study, we synthesis porous MnO2 nanoparticles with large surface area through soft template method using cationic surfactant. The electrochemical measurements are carried out in a three electrode experimental set-up with MnO2 slurry coated SS plate as a working electrode. The Pt foil is used as a counter electrode, while Ag/AgCl is used as a reference electrode. The electrochemical studies namely cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and impedance spectroscopy are performed in alkali metal sulphate electrolytes (Li2SO4, Na2SO4 and K2SO4). The observed results reveal that porous MnO2 nanoparticles exhibit ideal capacitive behaviour in all electrolytes. Furthermore, an increased capacitance is explored in Na2SO4 electrolyte compared to other electrolytes. Thus, it is evident from the above study that capacitance achieved in Na2SO4 electrolyte is more suitable for ECs applications.
SM Hussaini
BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad
India
Title: Investigation of ass 316 formability at elevated temperature
Biography:
SM Hussaini has submitted his Ph.D these at BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad campus and waiting for final defense. He is working as a lecturer in the same institute. Prior to this he was worked in Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) at Shriharikota. There he was worked on development of mechanical systems for integration of GSLV-MK3. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and conference proceedings.
Abstract:
Sheet metal forming of high strength materials at elevated temperature is one of the important processes in industries. The present work is aimed to study the formability of austenitic stainless steel (ASS) 316 at elevated temperatures. Dynamic strain aging (DSA) region was observed for ASS 316 in the temperature range of 400 to 600°C, so the investigation is limited to bellow this temperature. Limiting drawing ratio and thickness of the drawn cup are the indicators of formability in deep drawing. In the present investigation circular blanks are deep drawn at room temperature, 150 ◦C and 300 ◦C using a 20 ton hydraulic press coupled with a furnace. Finite element simulations have carried out using Dyna form with LS-Dyna solver. Simulations and experimental results show an increase in the limiting drawing ration as the temperature increases and a decrease in the thickness of the drawn cup without any fracture. An artificial neural network model has developed for the prediction of the cup thickness at different locations. The comparison between these sets of results indicates the reliability of the predictions. It was found that there is a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values.
Abhulimen I. U
Ambrose Alli University
Nigeria
Title: Mechanical characteristics of Al-CaCo3/Zn composites
Biography:
Abhulimen I. U is working as a Professor in the 1Department of Materials and Production Engineering at Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria
Abstract:
Effect of CaCO3 particle (100µm) addition on the mechanical properties of aluminium-0.5% Si alloy has been investigated. Samples are produced using conventional stir casting method and homogenized at 5500C for four hours. Mechanical properties studied are tensile strength, tensile elongation, hardness and fracture strength. Cast samples containing 25wt%CaCO3 and 5wt%Zn exhibit the highest tensile strength (134.3MPa) owing to a breakdown of grain structure caused by the dissolution of CaAl2 and AlFeSi into the α-aluminium matrix. Samples containing 5wt%CaCO3and 5wt%Zn have superior hardness (131.1MPa) due to high volume fraction of precipitates in the microstructure. The microstructure shows the presence of AlFeSi, Mg2Si and CaAl2intermetallics in the α- aluminium matrix.
- Track 1: Fluid Mechanics
Session Introduction
Gregory K. Watkins
California State University,Chico
USA
Title: Theory and commercial software finding the balance in finite element instruction at the undergraduate level
Time : 11:25 - 11:45
Biography:
Gregory Watkins received a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from North Carolina State University, a master of Engineering Management from Old Dominion University and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering and Sustainable Manufacturing at California State University Chico and is coordinator of the Capstone Design Program. He previously taught in the Engineering Technology department at UNC Charlotte and the Engineering Technologies Division at Central Piedmont Community College. He also has nine years of industrial work experience and holds registration as a professional engineer.
Abstract:
Like most accredited mechanical engineering programs, the undergraduate curriculum at California State University Chico includes a required course in Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Historically, the primary focus of the class has been the underlying theory of the method and its formulation from fundamental governing equations with little to no instruction in commercial software designed specifically for the purpose. Students were taught the traditional theoretical methods (Stiffness, Galerkin, Virtual Work, Castigliano, etc…) and were given assignment problems with rigorous hand-work such as assembling stiffness matrices. They were taught computer based solution methods through non-specific computational software such as Excel and MATLAB®. Feedback from advisory boards, capstone project sponsors, senior exit surveys, and other evidence clearly indicated a problem with the curriculum’s approach to finite element analysis. While program graduates were well versed in the theory of the method, there was strong evidence that they were not skilled its proper application via commercial FEA software, a very common task in the workplace. Observations included poorly posed problems, unnecessary computational rigor, meaningless results, or indeed the inability to obtain a solution at all. In response, the FEA course was redesigned to include basic instruction in the proper use of commercial FEA software while still maintaining sufficient theory for understanding the inherent assumptions and limitations of the method. Segments of theory-based discussion and traditional assignments are now followed with exploration of the same concepts in the context of commercial software. Emphasis is placed on its proper use, underlying assumptions, limitations, and validity of results.
Mark N. Callender
Middle Tennessee State University
USA
Title: Theoretical optimization of a cylindrical body of rotation using magnus effect lift
Time : 11:45 - 12:05
Biography:
Mark N. Callender received his doctorate in Engineering Science, specifying in Thermal and Fluid Mechanics, from The University of Tennessee Space Institute in 2013. He is currently an Assistant Professor in the Aerospace Department of Middle Tennessee State University located in Murfreesboro, TN.Dr. Callender’s research interests include Magnus Effect lift, low Reynolds number fluid mechanics, micro air vehicle (MAV) design,ground vehicle drag reduction, the philosophy of time, the existence of actual infinities, and Christian apologetics.
Abstract:
The Magnus Effect is the phenomenon whereby a rotating body experiences an asymmetric force due to its rotation. Historically researchers (i.e. Benjamin Robins and Gustav Magnus) investigated this effect using spherical bodies. A simplified investigation later followed by limiting attention to two dimensions, reducing the sphere to a circle. Potential flow theory was capable of describing this situation by superposing a uniform stream upon a collocated doublet/vortex flow. Integrating Euler’s equation along the surface of the resulting “rotating” circle yielded an asymmetric force. Experimental verification of this theoretical result was undertaken by approximating the two dimensional circle by a circular cylinder that spanned either a water or wind tunnel. Potential flow theory was taken by Ludwig Prandtl and expanded to describe the lifting flow about a three dimensional surface. Prandtl and his colleague Max Munk used this theory to derive the optimum distribution of vortex flow (hence circulation) along the span of a lifting body. The elliptical distribution is the optimum in order to reduce induced drag. Given that optimum, Munk was able to solve for the optimum chord distribution for a fixed wing. The extension from two dimensional to three dimensional investigation for airfoils/fixed wings has outpaced that for rotating bodies. The majority of the work on rotating bodies to date has remained two dimensional. The author has taken the optimum circulation distribution and applied it to a rotating cylindrical body. The theoretically optimum three dimensional geometry has been derived and will herein be described.
Alexander M. Wahrhaftig
Federal University of Bahia
Brazil
Title: Analytical solution for welded joints of perpendicular plates subjected to torsional moment
Time : 12:05 - 12:25
Biography:
Alexander M. Wahrhaftig has a degree in Civil Engineering (1991), with a Master in Rehabilitation of Historic Heritage from the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (1995) and PhD in Civil Engineering (Structures) from the Polytechnic School of USP, São Paulo (2008). He has occupied leadership positions on the execution of works and technical services. In the research area mainly is engaged in static, dynamic, experimental analysis of structures, having scientific papers and book published. Awarded twice by UFBa for his achievements in the field of innovation in 2013 was honored by the Brazilian Association of Civil Engineers.
Abstract:
Even with the advent of computer processes, the study of welded joints using classical mechanics and calculus is still employed by welding engineers to establish the dimension of bead welds and set load thresholds that can be applied for connecting structural elements. In existing analytical models, one normally considers an acceptable kinematics hypothesis for a problem and obtains the formulation that permits calculation of stress for the given case. If necessary, one then analyzes the stress state established at the point of interest. This paper develops a mechanical- and calculus- based formulation for the design and verification of weld lines on joints of perpendicular plates subjected to shear stresses due to torque. Our results are compared with the traditional procedure that applies shear stresses to the welded joint that are equal to the normal stresses induced by the bending of the plate. We carried out an additional study using mathematical modeling and the finite element method to evaluate the distribution of shear stress on the cross section of the line weld, which is considered in this case to be a deformable solid.
Sergey Alekseenko
Institute of Thermophysics
Russia
Title: Nonlinear waves and transfer processes in liquid film flow
Time : 12:25 - 12:45
Biography:
Sergey Alekseenko is a Director of the Institute of Thermophysics. He is a Head of Chair of Physics of Nonequilibrium Processes, Novosibirsk State University. He is a Corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences, member of American Physical Society, Society of Chemical Industry and EUROMECH. His areas of expertise are the transport phenomena in two-phase flow, hydrodynamics of film flow, wave phenomena, vortex flows and turbulent jets, experimental methods for two-phase flows, power engineering and energy saving. He has 115 published papers in refereed journals, 25 patents, four monographs including Wave Flow of Liquid Films and Theory of Concentrated Vortices.
Abstract:
Results of theoretical and experimental study of nonlinear waves and transfer processes in the falling liquid films and rivulets are presented. Theoretical modeling was mainly carried out based on the integral Kapitza-Shkadov method. Experimental investigations of wave formation in a wide range of wave parameters were performed applying the superimposed periodic oscillations, as well as the single local impacts. Spatial distributions of local thickness of the wave film were determined by the method of laser induced fluorescence, and instantaneous velocity fields were measured by Particle Image Velocimetry. Theoretical and experimental data on propagation of two-dimensional periodic stationary waves and three-dimensional stationary solitons on a vertically falling liquid film are presented. The mechanisms of intensification of heat and mass transfer processes by the nonlinear waves for the cases of film condensation and evaporation or desorption from the falling liquid films are described. The influence of turbulent gas flow on wave generation in the liquid film at different orientations of average velocity vectors of the phases relative to each other and direction of gravity is shown, including the case of non-parallel movement of liquid and gas. The structure of interface in the annular gas-liquid flow is described; the mechanisms of droplet entrainment from the crests of large waves are shown. The three-dimensional regular waves on the straight rivulets flowing down a vertical plane or over the lower outer surface of an inclined tube were studied theoretically and experimentally. The effect of wettability and other parameters on the flow structure is shown.
Yong Kweon Suh
Dong-A University
Korea
Title: Use of lattice boltzmann method to simulate interaction between fluid flow and particle motion in small scales
Time : 12:45 - 13:05
Biography:
Yong Kweon Suh has completed his PhD from State University of New York at Buffalo, USA and joined the faculty of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, in 1986. His current interest includes numerical simulation of fluid-particle interaction and electrohydrodynamic flows.
Abstract:
Numerical simulation of interaction between fluid flow and particle motion demands sophisticated algorithms due to the motion of particles and difficulty in creating the grid system. We developed during past decades numerical solution methods to tackle this problem and applied the methods to several branches of engineering applications of small scales. The method is based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). In this talk, we demonstrate three kinds of numerical solutions provided by the methods. First, we developed the simulation code for the problem of translocation of a biopolymer through a nano–pore driven by an external electric field. A theoretical formula is also used to calculate the net electrophoretic force acting on the part of the polymer residing inside the pore. Next, we simulated the motion of microscopic artificial swimmer. The swimmer consists of an artificial filament composed of super–paramagnetic beads connected by elastic linkers and an externally oscillating magnetic field is used to actuate the filament, and we have found that there is an optimum sperm number at which the filament swims with maximum velocity. Then, we computed the fluid flow generated inside a micro channel by an array of beating elastic cilia. We have found that there exists a maximum flow rate at an optimum sperm number. We also simulated the motion of particles caused by fluid flow of cilia actuation.
Elise Moss
Laney Community College
USA
Title: Best practices for developing models for rapid prototyping/3d printing
Biography:
Elise Moss holds a BSME from SJSU. She has published more than twenty textbooks on CAD and engineering design. Her texts are used in schools and by users around the world. She is currently adjunct faculty at Laney College in Oakland, teaching SolidWorks and Revit. She is a Certified SolidWorks Professional (CSWP). She works as a senior mechanical engineer at Sanmina Corp in San Jose in the data storage division, designing and documenting storage systems used in server rooms.
Abstract:
3D printing (or additive manufacturing, AM) is any of various processes used to make a three-dimensional object. In 3D printing, additive processes are used, in which successive layers of material are laid down under computer control. These objects can be of almost any shape or geometry, and are produced from a 3D model or other electronic data source. A 3D printer is a type of industrial robot. 3D printable models may be created with a computer aided design (CAD) package or via a 3D scanner or via a plain digital camera and photogrammetry software. Regardless of the 3D modeling software used, the 3D model then needs to be converted to either a STL format, to allow the printing software to be able to read it.Up to 80% of the files sent to 3D print result in poor or defective objects. This is a waste of time, material, and money. In this presentation, Professor Moss walks attendees through industry best practices to ensure a good outcome at least 90% of the time. You will see examples of 3D Prints gone wrong. Tips on how to correct the CAD model and troubleshoot the model for a better stl export will be presented as well as methods used to create a visually appealing prototype.
Biography:
Gireesha, B.J. received his Masters in Mathematics (1997), M.Phil. (1999) and Ph.D. (2002) in Fluid Mechanics from Kuvempu University, Shimoga, India. He is a faculty in the Department of Mathematics, Kuvempu University. At present he is a Visiting Research Scholar, in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland-44114, OHIO, USA sponsored by Govt. of India. He has authored 3 books, 127 national and international research papers, and has edited 2 conference proceedings. He has completed 2 major and one minor research projects sponsored by UGC and DST, New Delhi, India. He has attended/presented the papers in several International/National conferences. He is a member of several bodies, Editorial Board member and reviewer for National/International research Journals. His research interests include the areas of Fluid mechanics particularly, in boundary layer flows, Newtonian/non-Newtonian fluids, heat and mass transfer analysis. Under his supervision 10 students got Ph.D., degree and 11 students were awarded M.Phil., degree.
Abstract:
The effect of nanoparticles on a three-dimensional flow of Eyring-Powell fluid over an unsteady stretching sheet with convective boundary condition is numerically investigated. The effects of MHD, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and Joule heating are taken into account. Further, Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are introduced by means of Buongiorno nanofluid model. Numerical solution is obtained using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method of order 45 with Shooting technique. Obtained results are compared with existing results in a limiting sense and found to be an excellent agreement. In addition, the effects of influential factors, such as Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Lewis, Biot’s, Eckert and Prandtl numbers, radiation parameter, unsteady parameter, stretching ratio parameter, magnetic parameter on velocities, temperature and nanoparticles concentration fields are studied and discussed in detail. Further, physical quantities of engineering interest such as the Nusselt number and Sherwood number are examined via graphs and tables.
B. Rybakin
Lomonosov MSU, SRISA RAS
Russia
Title: Computer modeling of astrophysical processes in three-dimensional statement of the very large resolution grids using GPU
Biography:
B. Rybakin completed his Ph.D. thesis in 1987 in Lomonosov Moscow State University, and Doctor of Science in 2002. He is Professor of the dep. \"High performance computing\" (www.hpcdep.msu.ru) and the \"Wave and Gas Dynamics†Mechanics and Mathematics faculty of MSU. He has published more than 130 papers in reputed journals and serving as an editorial board member.
Abstract:
Computer simulation of gas-dynamic processes during the interaction of shock waves of great intensity, with different objects is the main objective of the study in this paper. Such problems arise when modeling engines for hypersonic aircraft, the study of their external aerodynamics, the study of the processes occurring during the collapse supernovae, the interaction of shock waves with the protoplanetary matter, etc. In astrophysics major role played by different processes, which are very different in size and timeline, often the initial and boundary conditions are not well known. Therefore, it is very difficult to get a really realistic model that takes into account all the physical processes. A detailed study of such processes can only be performed on grids with a very large resolution and using differential methods of high resolution. In this work, computer modeling of gas-dynamic processes is carried out on a rectangular three-dimensional Eulerian grid very large resolution. The solution algorithm is based on the schemes of the high resolution type TVD and allows us to implement parallelization on multi-core processors and graphics accelerators Kepler and Maxwell. The results of modeling the interaction of shock waves of varying intensity with fragmented cloud of molecular gas are discussed. It is shown that the use of graphics accelerators can significantly speed up computations on grids with a resolution of more than 108 cells.
Saeed J. Almalowi
Taibah University
Saudi Arabia
Title: Developing a stable lattice boltzmann method for circled and semi circled droplets placed on the side walls
Biography:
Saeed J. Almalowi has completed his PhD from Leigh University, USA. His research interest includes Fuel Cells and Porous Media, Desalination Technologies (MSF, MED and RO), Fluid- Fluid structure interaction using LBM and Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Applications ( Ahmed body, Backward lid-driven fluid flows,etc).
Abstract:
The Multi-Relaxation Time Lattice Boltzmann method has been employed to investigate the behavior the circled droplets and semi circled droplets placed on the side walls. A density distribution function has been introduced for each fluid and was utilized to simulate the dynamics of the side wall circled and semi circled droplets and the velocity field of each phase. Buoyancy and other interactive forces between phases are modeled to predict the evolution of droplets as they are rising. A fully periodic domain and no slip boundaries are employed in this study and the result is a transient flow simulation of a multi-phase immiscible fluid for geometries ranging from a single circled and semi circled droplet case to a case with two adjacent droplets. Also studied here is the interaction between the droplets and the no-slip boundary. The evolution of the droplets and the transient flow field around it are examined when droplets are placed on the no-slip surface initially. The breaking up of the droplet is predicted for different arrangements.
Rami Zakaria
Hansung University
Korea
Title: Particle image velocimetry in fuel sprays; an experimental approach
Biography:
Rami Zakaria is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Hansung University, South Korea. He received his Ph.D. in Experimental Fluid Mechanics from the University of Warwick, UK. His work contributed to the development of a new small rotary engine design, and large-scale 3C-PIV tests on aircraft jet nozzles in one of the largest jet-noise wind tunnels in the world. He also has an M.Sc. degree in advanced photonics and communication engineering, and a B.Eng. degree in electronic and communication engineering. His research interests include fuel atomization, fluid visualization, particle image velocimetry, combustion, engines, and optical technology.
Abstract:
Fuel sprays are commonly produced by increasing the relative velocity between liquid and gaseous phases. Particle-Image-Velocimetry (PIV) is a well-established technique for velocity analysis in multi-phase flows. We can perform PIV by illuminating the particles with a short light pulse, typically a laser pulse, which produces a set of successive digital images. Then, image-processing functions correlate these images to produce velocity vector fields. However, there are many factors to be considered during PIV experiments, including the particle size; pulse width of the fluid injector; imaging angle, and size of the interrogation window, amongst other factors. Planning ahead and understanding your experiment’s requirements could save valuable time and resources. In this paper we present a few steps for researchers planning to perform PIV experiments in fluid sprays. We discuss factors that affect the quality of the vector field results. We also show the light-scattering (Mie scattering) efficiency of fluid particles and how it is affected by both average particle size and imaging angle. Then we present a case study of a VHS fuel injector for small rotary engines. We show the experimental setup, the analysis procedure, and the results of applying PIV on jet fuel sprays. Our results include vector fields of small droplets (less than 50 microns in diameter) produced by micro-PIV tracking technique and shadowgraph images.
Hocine Alla
University of Sciences and Technology of Oran
Algeria
Title: Potentiality of computational fluid dynamics for the dynamics of spreading of liquids on solid surfaces
Biography:
Hocine Alla has completed his Ph.D since 2006 from university of sciences and technology of Oran, USTO-MB, Algeria. He was the guest in great research laboratories in Europe and directed research projects at the higher school of aeronautics in Oran. He also organized several international conferences on Computational Physics in Algeria and published several papers in prestigious journals.
Abstract:
The phenomena of the spreading of liquid on a solid surface are complex. The aerospace industry is moving towards the use of composite materials for carrying of the structure of its aircraft. Different Agents are made for facilitating demoulding and applied to the mold before each production cycle of composite aerospace part. This study is outcome of that context studying wetting phenomena in surfaces. We develop a CFD model, to simulate the time evolution of spreading drops on solid surfaces (drop base radius vs. time curve). The effect of wettability of the substrate on droplet spreading is investigated by considering different surfaces. Dynamic surface tension, surfactant adsorption and transport phenomena are included in the computational model. The CFD simulations are quantitatively compared with previously published experimental results from other research groups. Our numerical results compare very well with experimental data.
Benseghir Omar
Energetic thermal Department, USTHB
Algeria
Title: Analysis of heat transfer in a closed cavity ventilated inside
Biography:
Benseghir Omar has completed his master diploma Mechanical Energetic Thermal Energetic Option from FGPGM Thermo Energy Department, USTHB. Currently he is working in Energetic thermal Department, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria.
Abstract:
In this work, we presented a numerical study of the phenomenon of heat transfer through the laminar, incompressible and steady mixed convection in a closed square cavity with the left vertical wall of the cavity is subjected to a warm temperature, while the right wall is considered to be cold. The horizontal walls are assumed adiabatic. The governing equations were discretized by finite volume method on a staggered mesh and the SIMPLER algorithm was used for the treatment of velocity-pressure coupling. The numerical simulations were performed for a wide range of Reynolds numbers 1, 10, 100, and 1000 numbers are equal to 0.01,0.1 Richardson, 0.5,1 and 10.The analysis of the results shows a flow bicellular (two cells), one is created by the speed of the fan placed in the inner cavity, one on the left is due to the difference between the temperatures right wall and the left wall. Knowledge of the intensity of each of these cells allowed us to get an original result. And the values obtained from each of Nuselt convection which allow to know the rate of heat transfer in the cavity.Finally we find that there is a significant influence on the position of the fan on the heat transfer (Nusselt evolution) for values of Reynolds studied and for low values of Richardson handed this influence is negligible for high values of the latter.
Narima Ashrafi
Islamic Azad University
Iran
Title: Effect of the convected terms in the transient viscoelastic flow
Biography:
Narima Ashrafi has completed his PhD in 1998 from University of Western Ontario. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
The influence of fluid elasticity is examined for the plane Couette flow (PCF) of a Johnson Segalman (J.S) fluid.The Johnson Segalman model is a nonlinear viscoelastic model that accounts for the combined rheological nonlinearity and time dependency phenomena by inclusion of the upper-convected time derivative of stress tensor in the constitutive equation. In the special cases of the proposed model, typical upper convected Maxwell model can be recovered. The model takes into account the interrelations of velocity gradients and stress components through introduction of appropriate coefficients in the elastic terms of constitutive equation. The proposed form of constitutive equation almost completely models the physical behavior of a wide range of nonlinear materials, yet it is computationally appropriate as well. The flow field is obtained from the conservation and constitutive equations using the Galerkin projection method. Both inertia and normal stress effects are included. It consists of expanding the velocity and stress in terms of orthogonal functions and projecting onto each mode of expansion to generate a set of ordinary differential equations that govern the time dependent expansion coefficients. The type of orthogonal functions depends on the geometry and boundary conditions. Effect of several values of governing parameters such as introduced coefficients, Reynolds number and Weissenberg number on velocity and normal and shear stresses profiles are explored in detail. The results show that the oscillating behavior of velocity profile tends to grow as the coefficients increase. For higher Wiessenberg, the oscillations are more intensive, whereas the amplitude of oscillation tends to reduce. This reveals that, the deviation decreases by increasing the coefficients. The amplitude of normal stress differences tend to grow as the coefficients of the convected terms grow, revealing more elastic behavior in the fluid. On the other hand the effect of the convected terms on the steady behavior of normal stress difference is strongly dependent on the value of Weissenberg number. The shear stress behavior is also dependent on the coefficients of the convected terms and the flow properties, that is, for higher Reynolds the shear stress reaches a maximum and then decreases to minimum. For lower Reynolds, the opposite occurs . From a numerical point of view, the model also allows for the velocity and stress components to be represented by truncated series.
Nitin P. Gulhane
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute
India
Title: Analytical solution for laminar compressible fully-developed convection in microchannels with constant wall heat influx
Biography:
Nitin P. Gulhane is working as a Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbia, India. His research interest includes:- Micro fluidics, Convective Heat Transfer,Computational Fluid Dynamics, MEMS Design and Micro channel Cooling and Optimization in Thermal Devices and Energy Management
Abstract:
The present work investigates the influence of density variation on bulk mean temperature and Nusselt number (Nu) in laminar micro-convective flow. The fact that smaller diameter microchannels achieve more effective heat transfer rates for better cooling in micro-devices is supported by studying the variation of Nusselt number (Nu) in such micro-flows. One dimensional ordinary differential equations of motion with constant wall heat flux boundary condition are analytically solved for different diameters of microchannel and different wall heat flux taking density variation into account. The direct effect of change in diameter and wall heat flux on wall temperature as well as bulk mean temperature and its eventual effect on Nusselt number is studied separately.
- Track 8: Design and Development of Rockets; Track 9: Space Engineering; Track 15: Applications of Aerospace Technology
Session Introduction
Mark A. Skinner
The Boeing Company
USA
Title: Orbital debris: What are the best near-term actions to take? a view from the field
Time : 09:05-09:25
Biography:
Mark Skinner joined Boeing in 1999 as a senior scientist and technical manager with the Science & Analysis (S&A) team on Maui, Hawaii, where Boeing operates the Maui Space Surveillance System for the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The S&A group conducts research into observational and analysis techniques to advance the state of the art in space surveillance. In 2015 he joined Boeing Research & Technology in Albuquerque NM.
Abstract:
The geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite belt is a unique location above the earth affording a continuous line-of-sight to satellite uplink and downlink stations. The volume defined by this belt is large, but available slots are limited. During the last fifty years of the space age, this volume has become more crowded, as humankind has launched more and more satellites into this particular orbital regime, and satellites that suffered incapacitating anomalies and space debris have remained in the belt. The latter pose a hazard since they are uncontrolled, and the only way for satellite operators to avoid collisions with space objects is to maneuver. Knowing when and where to maneuver requires space situational awareness (SSA), but this is just one aspect needed to maintain safety of flight in this very valuable orbital regime. This paper reports on, from the point of view of an SSA practitioner, what the key issues and dangers surrounding the current situation in the GEO belt are, and what the best possible set of near-term actions could be, involving international cooperation (through bodies such as the UN COPUOS), data sharing between actors in the space arena, public and private sector SSA efforts, and nascent research efforts into active space debris removal. Where should limited available resources be applied to affect the best possible outcome?
Richard Fork
University of Alabama Huntsville
USA
Title: Asteroid redirection using synchronized femtosecond pulse trains
Time : 09:25-09:45
Biography:
Richard Fork received a PhD in Physics from MIT in 1962, worked as Member of Technical Staff in the Quantum Electronics Department at AT&T Bell Laboratories from 1962 to 1990, was Professor in the Physics Department of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute from 1990 to 1994 and is currently, 1994 to the present, Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at University of Alabama in Huntsville. He has over 150published technical papers listed on Research Gate. These include the original demonstration of laser modelocking as well asa number of the original advances in generation and application of modelocked laserpulses. Inventions include the first optical pulse of 6 femtosecond duration and the colliding pulse laser, which was the first laser operating well into the femtosecond time regime. Grant Bergstue is a PhD student in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at University of Alabama in Huntsville.
Abstract:
We examine use ofmultiple synchronized trains of energetic femtosecond duration optical pulses to redirect an asteroid discovered on short notice on collision course with Earth. We find such delivery,entirely in the vacuum and microgravity of space canclosely approach the maximum possible efficiency of redirection. Such efficiency would not be possible, e.g., in the atmosphere of Earth. This optimal application of the redirecting energy is, however, still challenging. One demanding requirement is precision of both location and timing of multiple ablation events usinga minimum of three simultaneous delivered energetic femtosecond optical pulses for each ablation event. Another challenge is undesirable loss in optically absorbing ejecta generated by the focused optical pulses. These ejecta are an inherent complication of the ablative propulsive event.We find this source of loss, however, appearslargely avoidable by use of a combination of sufficiently short duration optical pulses and optimal timingand positioning of deliveryevents.In addition the average number of ablative propulsive events per unit time, which must be precisely timed and positioned, is large. We suggest,while such an engineering task appears extremely demandingit canbe achievedusing currently evolving means of delivering large numbers of femtosecond pulses per unit time. We consider specifically the problem of redirecting a 10,000 metric ton asteroid such as struck Earth near Chelyabinsk, Russia in 2013. We find, e.g.,four months of precisely delivered optical energy at 10 kW average power could, at least in principle, have entirely prevented that collision.
Shawn Paul Boike
America Industrial Consultants
USA
Title: Aerospace & Engineering the World’s Future?
Time : 09:45-10:05
Biography:
Shawn Boike has directed, managed, consulted & lead teams for professionally worked in, for the Technological leaders of fortune 100’s; NASA, NSF, Boeing, General Dynamics, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman Parker Aerospace, PPG Aerospace, Honeywell, HCL Aerospace, AAR, GM, FORD, and McDonnell Douglas, the USAF’s IMIP.With over 30 industrious years experience engineering in Aerospace & Product Development, (17+ Aircraft) on the B2 Bomber, USAF One, F20, F18, C17, MD11, T45, MD90, MRUAV, 777. 787, 747-8, etc., Apache helicopter, 4 Rocket ships; SLS, ALS, Atlas II, Atlas IIAS, Manager on EV's; GM-EV1, Samsungs EV4, India’s Mina REVA and many other high tech programs. Founder of: American Industrial Consultants & Solution Vehicles Co., Author and gained a BSME from MSU and a MBA from San SDSU.
Abstract:
Aerospace & Engineering the World’s Future explores & explains how we have improved the World and the Future of what is to come in the next 50-100 years. How aerospace engineering can help solve World problem for Water, Weather, Weapons (eventually eliminate), Communications & Energy. Energy From Space Program, refers to the concept of a space system that collects solar power via photovoltaic & mirrors then transmits it to ground collection stations using visible or microwave radiation. Most important to me & US is to back the US Dollar with the Future of Energy & Economy. Building the Space Solar Power Transmission Systems with >500+ Smaller Satellites with morphing mirrors can produce over 25 Terawatts and power most of the entire World for many decades & centuries. In addition we can beam down the power via lasers and create efficient, affordable desalination salt water to places worldwide. We can also start to control/tame weather by overlapping beams/rays and even some known frequencies causing convection and using upper currents to move it to rain where there are droughts including eliminating tornadoes & bad hurricanes. We can make Space Death rays for vaporizing threats from space (similar to Reagan’s Star Wars dream), also vaporize those threats which cannot be captured (space debris), additionally send a beam out to our Mars or outer planetary transport.
Veronica La Regina
Italian Space Agency
Italy
Title: Systems engineering approach and space technology transfer: The role of international relations and public policy
Time : 10:20-10:40
Biography:
Veronica La Regina is Senior Researcher at the Italian Space Agency in Rome (Italy). She is in charge of business coaching for the start-ups coming from the commercial exploitation of space-based technologies. She works closely with academic, public and private business incubators to make successful of the start-up phases. She adopts quantitative and qualitative methodologies leveraging on soft- and hard-skills of the team-members in order to establish a collaborative and promising work environment. Her international experiences (Europe, Americas and Asia) makes her sensitive to intercultural and inter-gender issues for developing the global business strategies. She holds Master Degree in Systems Engineering (2015) at the University Tor Vergata in Rome, Master Degree in Institutions and Space Policy (2009) at Italian Society for International Organizations (SIOI) in Rome, PhD Studies in Economic Sciences (2004) at State University of Milan, Graduate Studies in Maths and Statistics (2001) at University of Rome “Sapienza” and Graduation in Law (1999) at LUISS G. Carli in Rome
Abstract:
Nowadays, the space budget are getting more and more tight for the developed Space faring nations and at the same time new emerging nations plan space activities and related budgets. For this purpose, the justification of public expenditures for space activities is becoming relevant for assuring continuity, maintenance and improvement of space capacity and capability. In this context the socio-economic multiplier of the investments can support the choice of policy makers, thus the expenditure for space-based technologies shall be exploited for several purpose due to favorable policy for technology transfer, e. g. spin-offs and integrated applications, combined with international relations’ actions. The development of space-based technology, encompassing even the technology transfers’ requirements for potential global customers, promises more successful outcomes and most likely contribute to the scientific, technological and industrial leadership and competitiveness of the nation. The paper aims to describe a systems engineering matrix with the requirements to an international space technology transfer and it concludes with a set of policy recommendations.
Biography:
Edwin Zong has completed his Medical Degree from Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine and New York College of Osteopathic Medicine. He is the Medical director of Oasis Medical Group Inc., He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Our universe’s mechanism might very well be exquisitely simple, as John Wheeler once said, \"Some principle uniquely right and uniquely simple must, when one knows it, be also so obvious that it is clear that the universe is built, and must be built, in such and such a way and that it could not possibly be otherwise.\" Our universe’s evolutional path could very well be endless, overwhelming all tabloid writers; however, our simplicity may prevail once again, as Einstein sums it all up with “one†striking yet seductively simple equation: E=MC². Our universe is overwhelmingly beautiful; however, all beauty starts from a single sprout. The author has traced her beauty all the way back to a “single†seed-photon. Our universe’s energy is overwhelmingly powerful; however, all potency starts from a “single†spark-photon. The “Two in One†package has always been glorified for our highest majesty. Few will argue photons are electromagnetic/radiation power. Many, however, deny photon’s mass status. In this paper, the author will assure you that photon is mass, which also happens to serve the base for all gravitational power/positional energy that exists today after a big bang. Furthermore, the conservation law of energy dictates that all nuclear power (strong or weak) existing after a big bang derives from a big bang’s photons/radiation as well. The primary objective of this study is to uncover the unified origin for both mass and energy in the universe along with their evolutionary path in the discipline of Newtonian physics.
Biography:
Edwin Zong has completed his Medical Degree from Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine and New York College of Osteopathic Medicine. He is the Medical director of Oasis Medical Group Inc., He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Our universe’s mechanism might very well be exquisitely simple, as John Wheeler once said,Some principle uniquely right and uniquely simple must, when one knows it, be also so obvious that it is clear that the universe is built, and must be built, in such and such a way and that it could not possibly be otherwise. Our universe’s evolutional path could very well be endless, overwhelming all tabloid writers; however, our simplicity may prevail once again, as Einstein sums it all up with “one” striking yet seductively simple equation: E=MC².Our universe is overwhelmingly beautiful; however, all beauty starts from a single sprout. The author has traced her beauty all the way back to a “single” seed-photon. Our universe’s energy is overwhelmingly powerful; however, all potency starts from a “single” spark-photon. The “Two in One” package has always been glorified for our highest majesty. Few will argue photons are electromagnetic/radiation power. Many, however, deny photon’s mass status. In this paper, the author will assure you that photon is mass, which also happens to serve the base for all gravitational power/positional energy that exists today after a big bang. Furthermore, the conservation law of energy dictates that all nuclear power (strong or weak) existing after a big bang derives from a big bang’s photons/radiation as well. The primary objective of this study is to uncover the unified origin for both mass and energy in the universe along with their evolutionary path in the discipline of Newtonian physics.
Kathleen Morse
Yosemite Space Groveland
USA
Title: Single event effects induced by high energy protons in gumstix computer on module technology
Time : 11:00-11:20
Biography:
Morse is the majority owner of Yosemite Space located in Groveland, CA since 2012. She also leads the “Evaluation of Gumstix Computer on Module in Low Earth Orbit”. In this program, Gumstix technology is being evaluated for radiation effects in ground and space based radiation studies. Dr. Morse earned a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 2003 in Materials Science and Engineering with a concentration in Solid State Physics. From January 2005 to January of 2012, Dr. Morse has served as a Principal Investigator in Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company on several programs.
Abstract:
Current radiation hard by processing and radiation hard by design computers used in satellites are several generations behind the state-of-the-art terrestrial computer processors. They are larger, heavier, more costly, and use more power. An alternative is to use fault tolerant architectures composed of non-radiation hardened commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) processors such as the Gumstix Computer on Module (COM). The Gumstix is gumstick-sized, computationally powerful, low cost, and a versatile COTS computer that can be integrated into fault tolerant space computers to support computationally demanding applications.Yosemite Space is investigating Gumstix performance in both proton radiation testing and space testing in “The Evaluation of Gumstix in Low-Earth Orbit” program funded through the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS). The proton test study is focused on predicting the rate of single event effects (SEEs) from protons for three model of Gumstix in the low-Earth orbit (LEO) space environment.Results show no significant difference in SEU rates between Gumstix models. In addition, Earth and SandSTORM had similar SEFI rates. Data was insufficient to determine the Water SEFI Abstract for: “Single Event Effects Induced by High Energy Protons in Gumstix Computer on Module Technology” 2 rate. The SEL rate for SandSTORM is also presented. Data from Earth is insufficient to determine the SEL rate. The Water model did not exhibit latch-up during testing. In addition, no catastrophic latch-up was observed from any of the three models tested.
Peter Simon Sapaty
National Academy of Sciences
Ukraine
Title: Integral spatial intelligence for advanced terrestrial and celestial missions
Time : 11:20-11:40
Biography:
Peter Sapaty, chief research scientist, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, is with networking for 45 years. Worked in Germany, UK, Canada and Japan as Alexander von Humboldt awardee, project leader, and special invited professor, created and chaired SIG on mobile technologies within DIS project in the US. Invented high-level distributed control technology tested in different countries and resulted in European Patent and two John Wiley books, with third one in progress. Published more than 170 scientific papers on distributed system organizations. Served as keynote speaker, tutorial, workshop, or conference leader; currently engaged in different international journals (as EiC including).
Abstract:
The 21st century is believed to have an increasing activity in exploration of both Earth and beyond, also growing demands to local and global security, which will require advanced ground, air, and space operations. Many will need to be distributed, cooperative, flexible, self-recovering, global goal-oriented, automated up to fully automatic, etc., with massive use of unmanned components. A novel ideology and related distributed control technology will be revealed that effectively cover these demands, being based on integral, holistic, gestalt-like comprehension of distributed worlds rather than traditional multi-agent and interoperability principles treating systems as communicating parts. It allows us to catch top semantics of advanced ground, air, and space missions in a high-level Spatial Grasp Language (SGL) which is cooperatively interpreted in distributed systems in parallel, self-spreading, virus-like mode, spatially matching them. This shifts most of traditional system routines, including partitioning, infrastructures creation, overall management and command and control, to automatic language interpretation. Details of SGL and is distributed interpretation mechanisms will be revealed along with exemplary tasks programmed within different researched applications. The latter include: formalized command and control simplifying engagement of multinational forces and gradual transition to distributed robotized systems; multiple mobile sensors scattered over large territories and behaving altogether as a spatial supercomputer operating under local and restricted communications, also without central control; integrated air & missile defense individually tracing multiple moving objects (e.g. cruise missiles) with overall runtime defense resources optimization. On an agreement, the technology can be quickly ported on any platform needed.
Biography:
Antoine FADDOUL is a Designer, Artist, Futurist, and Storyteller, with a multidisciplinary approach combining elements of astronomy, natural sciences, archaeology, history, art, ancient mythology, and linguistics. He has lectured, written, and published dozens of papers, articles, and books covering such areas. In his project Starship Gliina, Faddoul compiled the one hundred aspects of design required for deep space manned travel assessing sustainability for current and future technology. Faddoul holds a bachelor degree in Architecture and an MS in Construction Project Management.
Abstract:
The conventional aspects of design reach distinctive levels when considering extended manned-space journeys. Although space travel started decades ago, space design has been limited to short distance and short term trips, considering that the farthest manned trip was to the moon taking few days each way. Adding the human factor to the equation drags a long list of social and psychological features to be considered. A hundred design items related to three main areas; structure, environment, and human needs were evaluated assessing their requirements to achieve sustainable spacecraft with longer durability, minimal maintenance, and self-sufficiency. Items were analyzed according to their status whether current technology, developing technology, or future technology. Each item was mapped according to how the science, technology, and design behind it would evolve in the upcoming years. The items are mostly associated with functions of Earthlings daily needs, reevaluated to be suitable for space travel. Such approach provides comprehensive futuristic scenarios through surveying the progress status of each item to help answering questions including: How is the structure of a spacecraft affected by the social aspects of its crew? How much more time is anticipated for each item to be ready for testing? How do the inhabitants of a spaceship foster their daily functions and needs over the span of a mission? How will social life onboard develop compared to that on Earth? How would we evolve into a spacefaring society while the technology is being developed?
Daniel Choi
Masdar Institute of Science and Technology
United Arab Emirates
Title: Navigation-grade micro gyroscope for space applications
Biography:
Daniel Choi received his B.S. in Metallurgical Engineering from Seoul National University (South Korea) and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from UCLA. Dr. Choi worked as a staff member for three years at the Aerospace Corporation and as a task manager for nine years at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)/NASA. Prior to joining the Masdar Institute, he was an associate professor and program director of the Materials Science and Engineering program for 2007-2013 at University of Idaho (USA). Currently, he is Department Head of the Mechanical and Materials Engineering in the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Abstract:
Navigation, guidance and control systems in spacecrafts require gyroscope to maintain orientation in flight even in case of undesired interference. Particularly, the measurement of the angular motion of a satellite in the space is crucial for the control and stabilization of its attitude. Space systems employing a gyroscope should include the control and processing appropriate electronics to provide the most direct method for sensing inertial angular velocity. Navigation systems for spacecraft require gyroscope with a sensitivity as low as 10-100o/s, attitude and heading reference systems in the airplane use 1o/s gyroscope, while precision inertial navigation systems such as spacecrafts and satellites need a sensitivity value as high as 0.01-0.001o/s. In order to meet the space requirements, we are developing an innovative, affordable, miniature, low-power, navigation-grade integrated micro gyroscope that applies proven technology to achieve the performance, size, power, and cost objectives for space applications. Our proposed 3D design of devices enables (1) omni-directional detection, (2) an easier-mobile function (small size, magnetically guided by coating with magnetic materials), (3) a self-powering function (equipped with nano-energy devices), and (4) easier transmitting the sensing data (equipped with wireless communication devices), (5) densification and better spatial resolving power (enabling 3D integration).
Biography:
Junwoo Choi has completed his Master’s degree at the age of 28 years and now he is a PhD student atKorea Aerospace University. Hemajoredthe aerospace engineering and is especially interested in the space mechanism. He has published more than 5 papers in reputed journals and has registered more than 3 patents.
Abstract:
In recent years, the risk from space debris, which includes spent rocket stages, old satellites and fragments from disintegration, erosion and collisions, have been highlightedas the number of satellites on the operation orbit increases extremely. To solve the riskdue to space debris, drag sailshave been proposed to make retired satellites re-enter the atmosphere after mission lifetime being over. In this article, an origami-inspired drag sail is invented to realize ultralightsail with low stowed volume. To enable the drag-sail to deploy from low stowed volumeto the maximum area,an iso-area flasher and spinner flasher origami methods were employed.Then, we analyzedeploymentarea per unit volume according to the origami technique. For 3m x 3m sail, consequently, it can be designed to have deployment ratio of 89.8 from 1U volume. In order to confirm design idea, an origami-inspired drag sail is fabricatedby attaching tape spring to the valley of origami. Finally, deployment experiment is carried out to check interferences between boom(tape spring) and sailduring deployment. Conclusively, the tape springas a substitute of traditional motor based CFRP boomsuccessfully deploys the proposed origami-inspired drag sail.
- Track 2: Aerodynamics
Session Introduction
James F. Woodward
California State University Fullerton
USA
Title: Advanced propulsion in the era of wormhole physics: is it space-drive time yet?
Time : 14:40-15:00
Biography:
J.F. Woodward completed a Ph.D. in history (of science) at the University of Denver in 1972 after obtaining bachelors and masters degrees in physics at Middlebury College and New York University in the 1960s. Retired in 2005, he is emeritus professor of history and adjunct professor of physics at California State University Fullerton where he continues to do experimental work on advanced propulsion and the enigmatic sciences (gravity manipulation). Noting that inertia in general relativity is a gravitational phenomenon where local objects are seemingly instantaneously coupled to distant matter in the universe, he has elaborated a way that transient phenomena can be used to perform said manipulation. This, and other material related to this talk, can be found in his recent book: Making Starships and Stargates: the Science of Interstellar Propulsion.
Abstract:
Kip Thorne and several graduate students ushered in the era of wormhole physics in 1988 by reverse engineering, at Carl Sagan’s request, the needed conditions to travel to and from the center of the Galaxy 26,000 lightyears distant in little or no time. The requirement turned out to be “wormholes”, spacetime structures predicted by general relativity theory. Six years later, Miguel Alcubierre constructed the “warp drive” “metric” of general relativity that shows what is needed to zip around spacetime, seemingly at speeds faster than the speed of light. The requirement is a Jupiter mass of negative rest mass (“exotic”) matter. Before Thorne did his work a small collection of people worked on schemes to make lightspeed (and faster) travel possible. And after Thorne and Alcubierre, that collection of people has worked toward the goal of realizing the conditions dictated by general relativity for “hyperspeed” travel, be it through wormholes or encased in warp bubbles. “Advanced” propulsion is often taken to encompass all propulsion schemes more advanced than chemical rockets. Really advanced propulsion, however, is that enabling interstellar travel in short times, and that demands wormholes and/or warp bubbles. The stepping stone to such schemes is often figuring out how to accelerate a vessel without ejecting large amounts of propellant – so-called “field” propulsion. These schemes – wormholes, warp drives, and field propulsion – all involve gravity “manipulation”, whereas all other advanced propulsion schemes do not. In this talk I will recount some of the activities known to me of the collection of people working on gravity manipulation in the past decade or two. It is a tale of trial and error. Lots of error. But perhaps space-drive time is at hand.
Shaaban Abdallah
University of Cincinnati
USA
Title: A numerical comparison study between co-rotating and counter-rotating savonius wind turbine clusters
Time : 15:00 - 15:20
Biography:
Shaaban Abdallah, a professor of Aerospace Engineering, has been at the university of Cincinnati since 1989. He obtained his PhD in Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati in 1980. Dr. Abdallah joined Penn State University from 1981 to 1988. His research interests include Computational Fluid Dynamics, nano fluids, Turbo-machines, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Medical devices. Abdallah has two US patents on centrifugal compressors and three disclosures with university of Cincinnati on medical devices.
Abstract:
we showed that interactions between two co-rotating Savonius turbines in parallel and oblique clusters and three turbines in triangular clusters enhance the output power of individual rotors compared their isolated counter-parts. In this paper similar studies for two counter-rotating Savonius turbines in parallel and oblique clusters and three turbines in triangular clusters is performed by numerical simulation. The computational results are compared with the co-rotating clusters to determine the optimum cluster for developing efficient Vertical axis wind turbine farms. The comparison shows that the co-rotating three turbine clusters has higher efficiency than the counter-rotating three turbine cluster. The maximum enhancement in the average power coefficient compared to isolated turbines is 34% for the three co-rotating turbine cluster and 9% for the counter-rotating three turbine cluster. The commercial CFD software FLUENT 14.5 is used for the numerical simulation.
S. R. Gollahalli
University of Oklahoma
USA
Title: An integrative research program of bio-fuel combustion performance and emissions
Time : 15:20 - 15:40
Biography:
Gollahalli received his Ph. D. degree from the University of Waterloo in Canada. He currently holds Lesch Centennial Chair at the University of Oklahoma. His research encompasses topics in Energy and Combustion. His publications include about 300 refereed journal and symposium articles. He is a fellow of ASME, AIAA, and ISEES. His awards include Angus Medal from CSME, Teetor Award from SAE, Best Paper Awards from ASME, Energy Systems and Sustained Service awards from AIAA, Samuel Collier Award, George Westinghouse Gold Medal, and Ralph James award from ASME. He is listed in Marquis “Who’s Who in the World”.
Abstract:
Bio-diesels and bio-alcohols have emerged as attractive renewable alternate energy sources in recent years. These fuels can be produced from vegetal or animal feed stocks, they are environmentally carbon-neutral, and are low in sulfur content. In many places, they can be produced from locally-grown or otherwise wasted biomass, and thus ensure energy security. Also, these biofuels can be directly used in existing combustors with minimal modifications. The key to the successful use and consumer acceptance of these biofuels is to ensure that their environmental impact is minimal and that their performance in practical combustion devices is favorable. Although the performance of practical devices such as internal combustion engines and gas turbines running on these fuels has been extensively investigated in the past by several researchers, a fundamental understanding of the science of thermo-chemical processes and pollutant formation during the combustion of biofuels and their blends, particularly the coupling effects of fuel chemistry and combustion conditions is lacking. This presentation will cover an integrative approach of a comprehensive research program with a focus on the work currently being pursued at the Combustion and Flame Dynamics Laboratory of the University of Oklahoma, USA. Results include thermochemical characteristics, such as temperature and concentration fields, radiation emission and extinction phenomena, and formation of environmental pollutants such as NO and CO. The flames will include laminar and turbulent jet configurations and counter-flow burners.
Igor Zolotarev
Institute of Thermomechanics
Czech Republic
Title: Measuring of the profile vibrations on the flutter critic flow velocity
Time : 15:40 - 16:00
Biography:
Igor Zolotarev is a researcher at the Department of Dynamics and Vibration of the Institute of thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague. He obtained research degree (Ph.D.) in Mechanics of Solid and Fluid Mechanics in 1985. In 2008 he was a Chairman of the 9th International Conference on Flow-Induced Vibration – FIV2008. Main research interests are Dynamics of elastic bodies and Fluid mechanics, Shell theory, Vibration of shell and plate, Aero- and Hydro elasticity, Acoustics, Sound and structural vibration, Acoustic-structural coupling of vibrating structures conveying fluid.
Abstract:
Experimental facility situated in the test section of the wind tunnel suction type was adjusted both in the total construction and in the construction of the fluttering body, the methodology of the measurement and evaluation of the flow and dynamic parameters during flutter were also changed. Preserved was the conception of the NACA0015 profile with two degrees of freedom, rotational and translational. Torque elasticity was now realized by the coil spring and changed by different length of this spring or by different diameter of the spring wire. The pitch angle of the profile was now measured by the magnetic rotary encoder. The translational position was indicated by the magnetic linear encoder and was centered by plane springs situated on both ends of the shiftable frame. With this model the testing measurement was realized by its self-excited vibration of flutter type in the range of Mach numbers M=0.20-0.215 and Reynolds numbers 263 000 – 283 000. Results obtained with M=0.21 and Re=276 000 are presented.
Erkan Orman
Anadolu University
Turkey
Title: Shape optimization of a wind turbine airfoil by using genetic algorithm
Time : 16:15 - 16:35
Biography:
Erkan Orman is a lecturer at Anadolu University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics in Turkey. He received his Master’s degree in the area of wind turbines from Anadolu University in 2010. His research interests include low Reynolds number flows, computational fluid dynamics, turbo machines; wind turbines, unmanned aerial vehicles with research focuses on shape optimization, geometry parameterization and optimization algorithms.
Abstract:
Aerodynamic shape optimization of an airfoil has a crucial role for wind turbines in order to increase blade efficiency for the whole range of blade pitch angles. In this study, NACA 4415 airfoil has been optimized by a genetic algorithm coupled with an airfoil analysis code. Geometry of the airfoil is represented by a PARSEC parameterization method to be able to generate different airfoil shapes. A matlab routine was developed to generate different airfoil shapes as individuals and to control the whole optimization processes. Lift to drag ratio obtained by the analysis code is chosen as fitness function of each individual. The aim of the optimization process is to find the PARSEC parameters which give the maximum of lift to drag ratio in a certain solution space. The flow is assumed to be in viscid and uniform for the sake of simplicity. Mach number and Reynolds number are chosen as 0.03 and 350,000 respectively. Angle of attack interval is chosen as between2° and 5°. Tournament selection method is used to select the individuals which have high fitness values for the next generation. The genetic operators; cross-over and mutation rates are chosen as 0.45 and 0.05 respectively. The code can be executed until a pre-defined iteration number or a certain convergence criteria were obtained. The results have showed that the final geometry obtained after the optimization process is superior to the original geometry for the specified angle of attack interval.
Ala Qattawi
University of California, Merced
USA
Title: The potential of origami-based sheet metal folding for vehicle design
Time : 16:35-16:55
Biography:
Ala Qattawi is an assistant professor at University of California, Merced. She earned her PhD in Automotive Engineering from Clemson University, International Center for Automotive Research in 2012 and became the first female to earn this degree in USA. Her research area is in the innovative design and manufacturing processes, such as Origami-based metal forming and knowledge-based manufacturing. She has over 25 journal publications and did research on the topological analysis of Origami-based sheet metal products with application to complex products such as automotive body in white parts. She also has an experience in sustainability design for automotive structures.
Abstract:
The proposed concept in this paper is Origami-based Sheet Metal forming technique, abbreviated as (OSM), where the final sheet metal product is shaped by a sequence of folding operations instead of the traditional stamping manufacturing process. OSM is an innovative procedure that can form the final 3-dimensional geometry with minimal components by consolidation of parts; the process can be used to fold a 3-dimensional part with multiple faces from a single 2-dimensional sheet metal. The key element in OSM is the creation of Material Discontinuities (MD) along the bend line, which facilitate accurate bending of sheet metal grades. The MD are entities shaped over the bend line by either laser cutting or stamping and they enable folding sheet metal even for thick grades of up to 1 inch without the need of bending dies. The major sector benefiting from this innovation in fabrication procedure will be the transportation. The OSM has a potential to be a promising fabrication process for the vehicle Body-in White (BiW) design and manufacturing that can overcome current stamping practice. Examples of BiW components that can be fabricated by OSM are chassis, firewall, floor, dashboard skeleton, and shock tower. The establishment of this innovative process has great influence on the manufacturing method of sheet metal. It can change the product design and the overall production line requirements. This paper will discuss the anticipated advantages of utilizing OSM for vehicle components in terms of process design improvement and energy and cost allocations.
Ngozi Claribelle Nwogu
Robert Gordon University
U.K
Title: Trial CO2 extraction ceramic membrane with an integration of a CO2 laser gas detector
Time : 16:55-17:05
Biography:
NGOZI CLARIBELLE NWOGU is currently undergoing her PhD programme at the Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom having previously obtained her Bachelor and Master of Engineering degrees in Petroleum Engineering. She is working on ‘Advanced membrane design for improved Carbon dioxide capture. By occupation, she is a university lecturer and has published and co-authored over 17 academic/professional journal papers and made over 15 oral, e-Poster and poster presentations at international conferences worldwide. Her research interests are in the areas of design of inorganic hybrid ceramic membrane and multi channel membrane reactors for Carbon dioxide capture from flue gases. Engr. Mrs Nwogu is a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), American Chemical Society (ACS), Registered Petroleum Engineer by Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), International Association of Engineers, Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE), Association of Professional Women Engineers of Nigeria (APWEN) and European Membrane Society (EMS).
Abstract:
Continued rise in associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and associated risk of climate change is a major concern globally. As a result, reasonable, dependable and safe energy supplies are essential for sustainable economic growth. The perception of a zero emission coal-fired power plant as a large source of very high pressure flow of CO2 is presented. This article also illustrates a plan that aims to fashion a membrane-based system to remove CO2. The CO2 concentration in the mixture is detected by the use of a CO2 laser gas sensor. The innovative technology employed utilizes hybrid inorganic ceramic membranes for carbon dioxide capture from a range of other gases such as those encountered during flue gas handing processes. The most probable profit of the CO2 gas detector system is investigated with emphasis on its enormous prospects especially for emission trading applications in fossil fuel power plants. Experiments were carried out with gas flow through hybrid membrane with the retentate port fully opened and closed. Results obtained show an appreciable CO2 extracted and offer better capture option in comparison to conventional methods.
Mohammed Nasir Kajama
Robert Gordon University
U.K
Title: Volatile organic compounds (VOCS) destruction over noble metal catalyst nano structured composite membranes
Time : 17:05-17:15
Biography:
Kajama is currently undergoing his PhD programme at the Robert Gordon University Aberdeen with the research topic Catalytic Membrane Reactor-Separator for Environmental Applications. He has 3 years of experience as assistant lecturer in the department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. He has published more than 15 papers and made over 10 oral, e-Poster and poster presentations at international conferences worldwide. Mr Kajama is a member of the European Membrane Society (EMS), Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE).
Abstract:
The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetone, propylene, ethanol, n-butane in air from numerous sources including petrochemical and refining operations, food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, printing and a wide range of coating operations gives rise to deleterious health and environmental effects. Total oxidation is an attractive method in controlling these emissions due to the great amounts of energy saved if moderate temperature can be used. For wide application of catalytic combustion, thermally, mechanically and chemically stable catalysts are required. The operating costs for catalytic combustion are lower than those for thermal combustion and catalytic combustion is also more flexible compared to other means of VOC destruction. An innovation lies in the field of catalytic membrane reactors based on porous membranes which offer very attractive research opportunities to academic and industrial scientists working on catalysis. In this work a catalytic membrane reactor has been developed and tested for VOC destruction utilizing a porous ceramic membrane over Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for VOC destruction from air stream. A laboratory flow-through catalytic membrane has been used for the study. The influence parameters such as platinum (Pt) loading, total gas flow rate, VOC concentration, oxygen content and conversion temperature were examined.
Edidiong Okon
Robert Gordon University
U.K
Title: Evaluation and characterisation of composite mesoporous membrane for lactic acid and ethanol esterification
Time : 17:15-17:25
Biography:
Edidiong Okon is a PhD researcher in the Institute of Design Innovation and Sustainability, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, having previously obtained Bachelor and Master of Science degrees in Applied Chemistry. She is currently working on ‘’Esterification of Lactic acid with Ethanol using cation-exchange resins impregnated metallic membrane reactor’’. She has previously published and co-authored a number of academic papers in international journals. Her research interests are in the area of heterogeneous catalysis and metallic membrane reactor for ethyl lactate synthesis. She is a member of various Professional bodies including Royal Society of Chemistry. She has also made several conference presentations in the United State of America and United Kingdom
Abstract:
This paper presents the characterisation and evaluation of a silica membrane with 15nm pore size. The silica membrane was coated once for the permeation analysis. Helium (He), nitrogen (N2), argon (Ar) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were used for the permeation tests conducted at the feed pressure of 0.10 – 1.00 bar and at the temperature of 413 K. The gas flow rate showed an increase with respect to feed pressure indicating Knudsen flow as the dominant mechanism. The order of the gas flow rate with respect to the feed pressure drop was Ar > CO2 > He > N2. The SEM/EDXA result of the membrane showed a defect-free surface. The surface area and pore size distribution of the silica membrane was analysed using liquid nitrogen adsorption. The results obtained from the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm of the 1st and 2nd dip-coated membranes were 1.497 and 0.253 m2/g whereas the Barrette-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) curves of the membranes were 4.184 and 4.180nm respectively, corresponding to a mesoporous structure in the range of 2-50nm. The BET isotherms of the silica membranes showed a type IV isotherm with hysteresis indicating a mesoporous layer. The BJH curve of the 2nd membrane showed a 4% reduction in pore diameter after the modification process.
Habiba Shehu
Robert Gordon University
U.K
Title: Study of the selectivity of methane over carbon dioxide and inert gases using composite inorganic membranes
Time : 17:25-17:35
Biography:
Habiba Shehu is currently undergoing her PhD programme at the Robert Gordon University Aberdeen with the research topic Catalytic Membrane Reactor-Separator for Environmental Applications. She has over 5 journal publications and is a member of the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Abstract:
Natural gas is an important fuel gas that can be used as a power generation fuel and as a basic raw material in petrochemical industries. Its composition varies extensively from one gas field to another. Although there is variation in the composition from source to source, the major component of natural gas is methane with inert gases and carbon dioxide. Hence, all natural gas must undergo some treatment with about 20% of total reserves requiring extensive treatment before transportation via pipelines. The question is can mesoporous membrane be highly selective for methane and be used for the treatment of natural gas? A methodology based on the use of dip-coated silica and zeolite membrane was developed. A single gas permeation test using a membrane reactor was carried out at a temperature of 293 K and a pressure range of 0.02 to 0.1 MPa. The permeance of CH4 was in the range of 1.15 x 10-6 to 2.88 x 10 -6 mols-1m-2Pa-1 and a CH4/CO2 selectivity of 1.27 at 293 K and 0.09 MPa was obtained. The pore size of the membrane was evaluated using nitrogen adsorption and was found to be 2.09 nm. The results obtained have shown that it is possible to use a mesoporous membrane to selectively remove carbon dioxide from methane to produce pipeline quality natural gas. There is a need for further study of the transport mechanism of methane through the membrane since this is essential for the separation of other hydrocarbons that could be present as impurities.
Ifeyinwa Orakwe
The Robert Gordon University
U.K
Title: Effect of temperature on gas transfer through alumina membrane
Time : 17:35- 17:45
Biography:
Ifeyinwa Orakwe is currently undertaking her PhD programme at the Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Her research involves designing an integrated membrane catalytic reactor process for the removal of dissolved oxygen from water for downhole injection applications. Has a Bachelor degree in Chemistry and Masters in Environmental Science. By occupation, she is a Laboratory/ Environmental analyst. In her researchcareer, she has published in professional journal papers and made oral presentations at international conferences. Her research interests are in the areas of oil & gas, waste water and designing inorganic hybrid ceramic membrane for the purpose of water treatment.
Abstract:
Membrane utilization in various field processing applicationsis a dynamic and rapidly growing field. In this study, a composite membrane consisting of a porous γ –alumina support layer was used.The membrane and support measured 7mm internal diameter and 10mm outer diameter respectively. This work discusses results obtained fromthe permeability test of some single gases carried out at high temperature. The flowrates at gauge pressurebetween 0.1-1 Bar and temperature 298K were obtained andgraphs of flowrate were plotted against pressure.The single gases used were oxygen (O2), helium (He), nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2).Results obtained from the plots showed an order in the rate of flow of the gases through the membrane. At 298K and 323K, for example, the flow rate increased in the order He>O2>N2>CO2. As the temperature was increased to 373K, 423K and 473K, the order of increase in flow rate was then He>N2>O2>CO2.The influence of a number of factors, for instance kinetic diameter and molecular weight of the gases will be discussed in respect to their permeation rate. The overall results illustrated an initial viscous flow mechanism, then Knudsen transport mechanismas pressure was increased.
Umunnah U.P
Vanpas Agency services
Nigeria
Title: A study on the impact of soil erosion in construction industry: Major problems and control measures
Time : 17:45-17:55
Biography:
P.U Umunnah is a renowned builder having previously obtained a Bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. This creative and self-motivated personality has held different challenging positions as operational and marketing representative in various capacities with outstanding performance. He is currently enrolled for a master’s degree in building and construction at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Abstract:
Construction site management, usually dominated by skilled engineers, provides an important opportunity for engineers especially in the area of building to work together in minimizing the environmental impacts of land disturbance. However, better monitoring requirements, combined with efforts to identify and publicize the benefits of erosion control are increasing the number of construction sites on which erosion control efforts are being implemented. Subsequently, a range of temporary measures to reduce erosion and to trap sediment on site can be designed and implemented for instance temporary surface covers and silt fence However, design and implementation of these measures require an understanding of erosion and sedimentation processes, and in many cases incorrect installation and maintenance limit their effectiveness. This paper therefore outlines the impact of soil erosion in the construction industry, inbuilt problems, control and how to proffer solution. In addition accurate and precise construction technique and selection of appropriate construction materials utilized to achieve the objectives are discussed and presented.
Godson Ogubuike Osueke
Federal University of Technology
Nigeria
Title: Design of biomass digester and performance analysis, using local raw materials
Time : 17:55-18:05
Biography:
Godson Ogubuike Osueke hails from Ndibinuhu Abueke in Ihitte/Uboma local Government Area of Imo state. He attended St. Patrick school, Abueke where he Obtained the first school living certificate with distinction in 1964 and his West African School certificate from Ibeku High school,Umuahia in 1974. He then went to Government college Afikpo for his advanced level in Sciences andalso served as college captain for IBIAM House. He went on to be one of the pioneer students at Petroleum Training Institute (PTI) permanent site, Efurum, warri where he bagged PTI Diploma in Petrochemicals (1977- 79). His outstanding performance earned him automatic employment withNNPC in 1980 and was one of the pioneer indigenous Technologist at the Kaduna Refinery/PPL. Hecontinued his education two years later at Texas Southern University in Houston, USA and Texas A&MUniversity, Prairie view where he bagged B.Sc (Cum Laude) in industrial Engineering and M.Scindustrial Engineering respectively. While in USA, Engineer Osueke was the founding member of thefamous “Nigerian Foundation” which they registered in Houston, Texas in 1982. He won theprestigious National Dean’s list honor in USA in 1982.
Abstract:
This paper reports on the generation of biogas using cow dung. A 0.0413m3 plastic bio digester with a capacity of 50kg was designed, constructed, and used to obtain biogas from this waste. The waste was charged into the digester in a one to one ratio (1:1) with water, being 18.75kg of waste mixed with 18.75kg of water giving a total 37.5kg. The digestion of the slurry was undertaken in a batch operation. All of the parameters necessary for gas production like pH, temperature, total viable count (TVC) and gas volume were monitored and recorded. The waste started producing combustible gas five days after it was charged. The waste was kept in the digester for a retention time of 28days. The conditions within the digester suitable for the anaerobic microbes were under mesophllic temperatures (20-45oC). The waste started producing combustible gas five days after it was charged. The maximum volume of biogas obtained from the wastes was 7.1litres on the tenth day. The volume of gas produced throughout the digestion period was determined using the downward displacement of water technique. Changes in level of water from a predetermined reference level were observed in a transparent, inverted and calibrated bucket due to inflow of the biogas and were recorded on a daily basis. The cumulative gas production was 156.5litres on the twenty-eighth day, after which the experiment was terminated. This digester is therefore recommended for commercial production.
Ume N U
Nadel Bitmaps Technology Services Nigeria Limited
Nigeria
Title: A novel application of NFC smart phones for mobile data collection and storage: A case study
Biography:
Ume N U is a renowned Brand Developer and Researcher with Nadel Bitmaps Technology Services Ltd., a multimedia service company. He has a Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics and Computer Science from the Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State Nigeria and is currently pursuing his Master’s Degree at the National Open University of Nigeria. His innovative spirit and passion for new technologies has made him a Consultant to both local and multinational companies in Nigeria.
Abstract:
The needs for storage and quick data collection in this informative and scientific age have become a huge task for today’s enterprise. The World Wide Web is loaded with various apps and technologies to suite some of these challenges. A case study on the inherent difficulties of higher institutions in Nigeria in search of ways to maintain and sustain data security integrity and as well, solutions for proper implementations to solve these prevalent problems are presented. Therefore, the design and application of a permanent solution require an in-depth understanding of the NFC Smart Phones for Mobile Data Collection and Storage. This paper, thus, outlines the advantages the use of (Near Field Communication) NFC technology will have in our academic institutions to ensure data security and integrity. In addition, highlights of better ways of adopting this technology in day-to-day operations of business enterprise are also discussed.
Anyadiegwu C I C
Federal University of Technology
Nigeria
Title: A study on economic assessment of simultaneous use of depleted oil reservoirs for underground natural gas storage and enhanced oil recovery
Biography:
Anyadiegwu C I C is the Head of Department, Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, and Imo State. His research interest includes Oil and Gas Production and Processing from fossil fuels and non-fossil fuels (Biomass), Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) and Oil Spillage Detection, Control and Prevention.
Abstract:
The economic viability of simultaneous gas injection for underground natural gas storage and enhanced oil recovery was examined with depleted reservoir IZ-2 located South Eastern Nigeria. The geologic and engineering information on the reservoir were gathered with which the costs analyses were conducted. The storage capacity and costs of the depleted reservoir were used in conducting the profitability analyses through the expected revenue. The reservoir is suitable for underground gas storage and enhanced oil recovery with its working gas capacity and deliverability of 2.18 Tcf and 46.42 MMscf/d, respectively. The reservoir has a positive and high net present value (NPV) of $1.96 billion at 10% discount rate. The pay-out period of 0.106 year and profit per dollar invested (P/$) of 114.4 for the project indicated that it is economically viable.
Won-SeokHeo
Seoul National University
Republic of Korea
Title: A numerical study on prediction of the aerodynamic performance and design of a centrifugal compressor
Biography:
Won-SeokHeo has completed his Master’s degree from Seoul National University in 2015. He is a Researcher of Seoul National University, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design (IAMD), Turbomachinery Research Center. He has researched the aerodynamic performance of turbomachinery, especially a centrifugal compressor.
Abstract:
A centrifugal compressor is generally composed of a impeller by whose rotational motion the energy is obtained, a diffuser by which static pressure is recovered, and finally a volute serving as a receiver to transfer for other devices. It is important requirement to properly evaluate the aerodynamic performance and characteristics during preliminary design of a centrifugal compressor because it is not obvious to figure out the internal flow property of a centrifugal compressor including complicated three dimensional turbulent flow. The prediction and design of the aerodynamic performance of a compressor have been studied in various ways. Recently, it has not only been empirically researched but calculated by the computer simulation. In this study the industrial centrifugal compressor was calculated in three dimensional compressible viscous flow through CFX 11.0 and in method of k-ε RANS turbulent model. A lot of quantitative performance values were obtained and through these databases several variables were investigated to certainly predict and correctly design the centrifugal compressor. And the methods proposed are useful to analyze the aerodynamic performance and characteristics of internal respective parts of the compressor. Especially, momentum transfer and loss characteristics of the impeller and pressure recovery and loss properties of the diffuser were focused when the compressor is operated with several flow coefficients such as at surge, peak efficiency, flow separation on diffuser vane, and choke.
Suhas Pol
Texas Tech University
USA
Title: : Influence of atmospheric stability on model wind turbine wake interface
Biography:
Pol is an Research Assistant Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX. He obtained his Ph.D. from Arizona State University in 2010 and his postdoctoral training in Los Alamos National Laboratory thereafter. His primary area of research is wind energy and geophysical fluid dynamics. His research involves field experiments in the atmospheric boundary layer and lab scale experiments to develop advanced diagnostic tools using optical techniques.
Abstract:
Differences in wind turbine wake defect recovery for various atmospheric stabilities (stratification) has been attributed to turbulence intensity levels at different conditions. We show that buoyancy differences at the wind turbine wake interface should be considered in addition to varying turbulence intensity to describe the net momentum transport across the wake interface. These buoyancy differences are created due to the tip vortex, hub vortex or the swirl in the wake. The above hypothesis was tested using field measurements of the wake interface for a 1.25 m model turbine installed at 6.25m hub height., Atmospheric conditions were characterized using a 10 m tower upstream of the turbine, while a vertical rake of sonic anemometers clustered around the hub height on a downstream tower measured the wake. Data was collected over the course of seven months, during varying stability conditions, and with five different turbine configurations, including a single turbine at three different positions, two turbines in a column, and three turbines in a column. Presented are results showing the behavior of the wake (particularly the wake interface), for unstable, stable, and neutral conditions. It is observed that the swirl in the wake causes mixing of the inflow leading to a constant density profile in the wake leading to density jumps at the wake interfaces for stratified inflow. Contrasting spectral characteristics of the flow in the wake with respect to stability will be presented.
Amir Zare Shahneh
Cranfield University
UK
Title: Active flow controller to exetend lamianr flow region on aircraft wing
Biography:
Amir Zare Shahneh joined the Aerospace Engineering Department at Cranfield University to research and lecture in airframe systems design in 2009. He lectures on topics including hydraulics, pneumatics, flight control actuation systems and aerodynamics, as well as providing supervision on related student projects. He is also acting as project examiner and independent Academic Representative to monitor the progress of students. Dr Shahneh has a record of published papers and contributes to journal and conference papers. He is a member of the Royal Aeronautical Society.
Abstract:
This study introduces Laminar Flow Control systems and by employing the fundamental equations required, to achieve the required levels of suction across a wing to efficiently suppress flow. A novel system was designed that could be incorporated into the leading edge of large civil aircraft or adapted to suit alternative aircraft using a combination of active and passive suction methods. The active system uses electric or bleed air powered turbocompressors to provide the required levels of suction, whereas the passive system automatically produces suction by introducing ducting from the high pressure region at the leading edge to the low pressure region at the underside of the wing. This method reduced the overall power requirement of the active system. Analysis of the design, including the impact of the system weight and fuel penalties found that the system could save over 5.5% of fuel during long-range flights, equivalent to up to 4,000 N of additional payload.
Galina Ilieva
Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technology
Portugal
Title: A nozzle for vectorized thrust
Biography:
Galina Ilieva is Ph.D. and master engineer in Mechanical Engineering from the Technical University of Varna, Bulgaria. Also, she holds Research Master Degree in “Turbo machinery and propulsion systems†from von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (Belgium). She specialized in Rosendorf Research Centre in Germany, Sakaria University, Turkey and awards for elaboration of effective methodologies for numerical research of flows and long lasting exploitation of turbine blades. Dr. Galina Ilieva has worked as Senior Researcher in CFD laboratory-Varna and Professor Assistant in Technical University of Varna. She has been involved as a lead researcher in many national and international projects. Dr. Galina Ilieva is responsible and performs research activities in European FP7 contracts – Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technology, Portugal. She is also researcher in R&D scientific organization for innovation, research and implementation in aerospace, marine and mechanical engineering. She has published more than 25 papers on CFD analysis, aero- and thermodynamics, innovative propulsion systems, design and air-vehicles and platforms and others. Her research interests are in the area of innovative propulsion systems, aerodynamics, turbulence, CFD coding, turbo machinery, air-vehicles, high-altitude platforms, blade design, green energy, etc.
Abstract:
Air-jets, laterally injected into a high-speed flow through axisymmetric convergent – divergent nozzle are investigated to present the effects of the air thrust vectoring within the framework of an innovative propulsive system. The very complex 3D flow field parameters distribution and character aerodynamic features were studied. For the purposes of the numerical analysis, Fluent code with additionally implemented user-defined file, is applied. Different nozzle geometries, models with injected high-speed lateral streams are numerically simulated to determine how parameters and flow conditions affect the thrust vectoring. Valuable experimental data were compared with the results obtained from the numerical simulations. The laterally injected air-jets are an innovative concept for thrust vectoring that could has various applications in practice.
ABENE Abderrahmane
University of Valenciennes
France
Title: Study visualization strectures troubillonnaires above the cone of revolution
Biography:
ABENE Abderrahmane is currently working as a professor in University of Valenciennes.
Abstract:
A large number of studies of flow visualisations, developed on the upper surface of delta or gothic wings and of cones, have been carried out in the wind tunnel of the Valenciennes University aerodynamics and hydrodynamics laboratory. These studies have provided a better understanding of the development and the positioning of vortex structures and have enabled, in particular, the preferential nature of intervortex angles, thereby defined, to be determined. Such a notable angular characterisation has revealed, in the case of delta and gothic wings, the existence of a simple law, that of filiation, which finds expression in an angular correspondence between the main vortex torque and the leading edges of the wing. The study of the vortical structures developed on the upper surface of cones has produced an equally simple definition, also called the law of filiation, which, by analogy, is applicable to an angular correspondence between the main and the secondary vortex torques. This paper, which limits itself to discussing the case of a cone having an included angle of 68.6°, provides a detailed description of the phenomenon. However, no current theory seems to be able to give a straightforward explanation of these behavioural properties.
Amr Ahmed Ahmed Elfeky
Cairo University
Egypt
Title: Aerodynamic design of flanged diffuser wind turbine
Biography:
Amr Elfeky has completed his Master Degree at the age of 27 years from Faculty of Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Cairo University. He is the Researcher Assistant of National Research Center Egypt.
Abstract:
The objective of the current study is to design a flanged diffuser wind turbine for maximum power output. The study starts with the preliminary design of the turbine blades at 10 m/s wind speed and 350 rotational speed using the Blade Element Method to obtain an initial geometry of the turbine in terms of the blade twist and chord distribution along the blade span. NREL S823 and S822 airfoils are used at the turbine blade root and tip, respectively. A numerical investigation is performed to design the diffuser for maximum air speed inside the diffuser. The Numerical investigations are carried out for the flow fields inside the flanged diffuser using the ANSYS FLUENT commercial package based on finite volume method to solve Navier Stokes Equations and the k-ε turbulent model. The numerical investigations are done to study the effect of the diffuser expansion angle, the diffuser length and flange height on the flow field. The velocity contours, static pressure contours and streamlines are presented. 165300 grid cells are used in the study. The results showed that increasing the diffuser expansion angle leads to accelerating the flow through the diffuser when the diffuser angles are between 0° and 12°. After that, the expansion angle effect becomes negligible as the secondary fluid circulation is generated near the end of the diffuser and grows with the expansion angle. Also increasing the diffuser length accelerates the flow entering the diffuser until the diffuser length to inlet diameter ratio L/D reaches a value of 1.25. After that, a recirculation zone is formed at the end of the diffuser. The simulations show that a high pressure region is formed in front of the flange and a low pressure region is generated behind it. The intensity and area coverage of these regions increase as the flange height increases. Thus, the overall flow speed inside the diffuser increases till flange height to diffuser diameter ratio reaches 0.75. The designed diffuser increases the velocity inside the diffuser to 2.2 times the free stream velocity. By studying the load effect on the diffuser it is concluded that the best diffuser load is estimated to be in the range of 0.4 to 0.95. Comparison of the computed results with the experimental data shows good agreement. Finally, the wind turbine is simulated numerically to study the turbine performance with and without the diffuser. The simulations of the free turbine are performed at uniform wind speed of 10m/s. The rotational velocity is assumed to be 350 rpm. A single reference frame model (SRF) is used to simulate the incompressible, steady state flow field. The standard Spalart-Almaras model with Vorticity Based is selected for the turbulence production. 4.5 million structured and unstructured cells are used in the simulation. The results of the numerical simulation are compared with those obtained using the blade element method for the free turbine. The comparisons show good agreement. Numerical simulations of NREL phase II are also performed for the sake of validation of the adopted numerical method. The results show a good agreement with experimental data. Finally, the wind turbine with the flanged diffuser is simulated numerically assuming an inlet wind speed of 5 m/s and 350 rpm. It is found that the power generated increases to five times the power generated by the free wind turbine.
Yassir A. Awad Elkarim
Cairo University
Egypt
Title: Implementation of panel method to the solution of potential flow around aircraft
Biography:
Yassir A. awadElkarim, Sudan, May 19, 1975, B.Sc. 2001 in Aeronautical Engineering, Karary University, Sudan and M.Sc.2009 in Aeronautical Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt.Now a Ph.D Student in, Aeronautical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Egypt.
Abstract:
In this study a panel method is used as a numerical technique for the solution of the potential three dimensional flows about a complete aircraft configuration to determine the aerodynamic characteristics. This approach seems to be more economical, from the computational point of view, than methods that solve the flow field in the whole fluid volume such as finite difference, finite element or finite volume techniques. A system of source and doublet distributions is implemented and Dirichlet boundary conditions are applied. A computer program using Matlab is developed. Firstly flow over three dimensional swept wings is solved and the results are compared with experimental data to validate the numerical panel code. After the ideas have been discussed a sample calculations around aircraft are presented to illustrate the gain of using panel method technique.
- Track 3: Airship Design and Development; Track 4: Flight Vehicle Navigation; Track 5: Vehicle Systems and Technologies; Track 6: Design and Modelling of Aircraft and Helicopter Engines
Session Introduction
Kevin R. Anderson
Cal Poly Pomona
USA
Title: Fluid-Structure interaction (fsi) analysis of a solar powered UAV
Time : 11:45-12:05
Biography:
Kevin R. Anderson obtained his BSME in Mechanical Engineering at Cal Poly Pomona in 1991, MSME in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Colorado at Boulder, and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1998. He holds a PE license and over 15 years of practical engineering experience. He has a variety of publications in Renewable Energy, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and Thermal Control Systems. He is also a Faculty Part Time Sr. Thermal Engineer at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Dr. Anderson has published 20 refereed journal articles and 60 conference proceedings.
Abstract:
An electric motor UAV aircraft with a 10 foot wing span used for investigating various schemes for hybrid power efficiency including solar cells and magnet in coil vibration response power generators has been developed at Cal Poly Pomona’s Aerospace Engineering Department. The vibration generators can be positioned inside the wing at various locations to be excited by gusts and control surface pulses to produce structural vibrations to produce power to the aircraft storage devices. An FSI / FEM study was performed by the Non-linear FEA/CFD Multiphysics Simulation Lab team in Cal Poly Pomona’s Mechanical Engineering department in order to: 1) Optimize the locations of the magnet in coil generators. Since the generators are a bit heavy they affect the frequencies and mode shapes of the wing. The end goal is to find the wing span and cord locations where the vibration modes offer the highest response magnitudes to excite the vibration generators. 2) Identify the wing frequencies so the magnet-spring-coil natural oscillation frequency can be tuned by selecting the springs stiffness that suspend the magnet to match the wing frequency. This tuning will be used to amplify the motion of the magnet oscillation due to a wing vibration. 3) Study an in flight the tail flutter problem. The research team will present its findings from a non-linear ANSYS/Fluent based Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the Solar Powered UAV. Results for drag, lift, von Mises stresses, and critical modes of vibration will presented. Results of the FSI used to design the solar powered aircraft will be summarized.
Jonathan Blackledge
University of KwaZulu-Natal
South Africa
Title: Radar screening using weakly ionized plasmas
Time : 12:05-12:25
Biography:
Jonathan Blackledge is Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Research at the University of KwaZulu-Natal and holds a PhD in Theoretical Physics from London University and a PhD in Mathematics from the University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. He has published over 250 scientific and engineering research papers including 14 books, has filed 15 patents and 18 Technologies to License, 5 of which have been used to establish new start-up companies. A past supervisor to over 200 MSc/MPhil and 56 PhD research graduates, he holds Fellowships with leading Institutes and Societies in the UK including the Institute of Physics, the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, the British Computer Society and the Institution of Engineering and Technology.
Abstract:
Since its original development in the late 1930s, Radio Detection and Ranging or Radar has been used for many years to detect airborne objects using ground and/or airborne platforms. The use of stealth technology for suppressing the detection of aerospace vehicles by Radar has been the subject of intensive research since the early 1970s following the development of radar-guided surface-to-air missiles in the 1960s. Based on ideas first introduced in 1974 at Lockhead’s advanced engineering laboratories, the technology is based on two principal aspects: (i) design features; (ii) advanced radar absorbing materials and coatings. This seminar explores another complementary technology based on attempting to cloak an aerospace vehicle in a weakly ionised plasma cloud. For weakly ionized plasmas, the conductivity is determined by the number-density of electrons. Based on this result, a model is developed for electron beam induced plasmas that includes the effect of cascade ionization and losses due to diffusion and recombination. Simulated results are then derived for the number density of a plasma screen over a sub-sonic and super-sonic aerospace vehicle.
Weiwen Deng
Jilin University
China
Title: Allocation-based fault tolerant control with actuator dynamics for X-by-wire electric vehicles
Time : 12:25-12:45
Biography:
This talk is to present a novel fault-tolerant control method based on control allocation via dynamic constrained optimization for electric vehicles with X-by-Wire (XBW) systems. The total vehicle control command is first derived based on interpretation on driver's intention as a set of desired vehicle body forces, which is further dynamically distributed to the control command of each actuator among vehicle four corners. In the proposed method, both actuator dynamics and input/output constraints are fully taken into consideration in the control design. Other objectives include minimizing the power consumption and the slew rate of the actuator outputs. As a result, this leads to frequency-dependent allocation that reflects the bandwidth of each actuator. A dynamic constrained optimization method is proposed with the cost function set to be a linear combination of multiple control objectives, such that the control allocation problem is transformed into a linear programming formulation. An analytical yet explicit solution is then derived, which not only provides a systematic approach in handling the actuation faults, but also is efficient and real-time feasible for in-vehicle implementation. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is valid and effective in maintaining vehicle operation and in improving the actuator response and subsequently the handling performance as expected even with faults.
Abstract:
This talk is to present a novel fault-tolerant control method based on control allocation via dynamic constrained optimization for electric vehicles with X-by-Wire (XBW) systems. The total vehicle control command is first derived based on interpretation on driver's intention as a set of desired vehicle body forces, which is further dynamically distributed to the control command of each actuator among vehicle four corners. In the proposed method, both actuator dynamics and input/output constraints are fully taken into consideration in the control design. Other objectives include minimizing the power consumption and the slew rate of the actuator outputs. As a result, this leads to frequency-dependent allocation that reflects the bandwidth of each actuator. A dynamic constrained optimization method is proposed with the cost function set to be a linear combination of multiple control objectives, such that the control allocation problem is transformed into a linear programming formulation. An analytical yet explicit solution is then derived, which not only provides a systematic approach in handling the actuation faults, but also is efficient and real-time feasible for in-vehicle implementation. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is valid and effective in maintaining vehicle operation and in improving the actuator response and subsequently the handling performance as expected even with faults.
Khaled Asfar
Jordan University of Science and Technology
Jordan
Title: Electromechanical vehicle direction sensor
Time : 13:15-13:35
Biography:
Khaled Asfar is a professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST). He received his Ph.D. degree from Virginia Tech in 1980, his M.S. from Virginia Tech in 1978, and his B.S. from Riyadh University in 1975He is currently the Director of the Center of Excellence for Innovative Projects at JUST University. He also manages the Technological Incubator at the Center. He was a visiting research scholar at the Aerospace Engineering Department at Texas A & M University in 2007/2008 and a visiting professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering/Purdue University from 2008 to 2010.
Abstract:
Global Positioning Systems on various land, marine, or aerial vehicles can malfunction in severe weather conditions such as snow storms, sand storms and the like. The proposed design solves this problem as it is not weather dependent. It relates to a vehicle electromechanical direction sensor that points to a pre-selected direction of travel of the vehicle. The electromechanical direction sensor of the present design can be used for guidance and/or control of ground vehicles on a certain prescribed path. This sensor can also be used in manned and unmanned vehicles including marine, submarine, and airborne vehicles. The vehicle direction of motion is derived from a differential mechanism powered from the rotational motion of two identical wheels installed on both sides of the vehicle. The electromechanical direction sensor comprises essentially two wheels, a plurality of bevel gears, a differential mechanism, a rotary potentiometer, a bridge amplifier, and a microcontroller. The sensor of the present invention operates efficiently regardless of the place and the weather conditions.
Antonio O. Dourado
Federal University of Santa Catarina Brazil
Title: One versus two: adifferent philosophy in simulated combat training
Time : 13:35-13:55
Biography:
Antonio O. Dourado is a professor of Flight Dynamics in the Aerospace Engineering Course at Federal University of Santa Catarina, Braziland editor of the journal Applied Physics Research. He obtained his doctorate in Mechanical Engineering studying military Dynamic Flight Simulators in 2012. Also, he has designed several motion simulators for aeronautic and automotive applications.
Abstract:
Pilots in military aviation are subjected to extreme conditions, like high-g maneuvers and flight in high angle of attack. In this sense, pilots must have good physiologic resistance besides proficiency in aircraft systems and weapons. Some suggest that with next generation aircraft with stealth features, beyond visual range combat will rule the skies. That can be true, but considering the designs of both Russian T-50 and Chinese J-20 and J-31 that give importance to maneuverability and stealth, it is not difficult to imagine an air combat starting in bvr but finishing in a dogfight. With this possible situation in mind, within visual range combat can’t be neglected, and pilots must train hundreds of hours per year to achieve the desired proficiency in ACM. To present day, flight simulation in combat training has a separated approach regarding physiologic and tactical training: use of g-seats coupled with large field of view image projection for tactical training and centrifuges for physiologic training. The drawbacks are clear: g-seat can’t simulate extreme g-loads that undermine pilots stamina and current generation centrifuges (active or passive) can’t be properly used for combat training due limitations described in literature (i.e. motion sickness due Coriolis effect). If one could combine in a simulator, strengths of both systems in one new flight simulator, there’ll be a revolution in combat training.This paper proposes a change in paradigm in combat training, showing a new concept of flight simulator, considering that close combat will be still relevant in the near future
Pradip Majumdar
Northern Illinois University
USA
Title: Cold plate designs for Li-ion battery stack of an electric vehicle
Biography:
Pradip Majumdar is working as a Professor and Chair, Mechanical Engineering in Northern Illinois University. His Research interest includes Thermo-fluid Sciences, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Heat Transfer; Fuel Cell Energy and Battery Storage system, Solar Thermal Energy Systems; Hydrogen storage; Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media; Micro-Nanoscale Fluid Flow and Heat transfer; High Heat Flux Electronics Cooling, High Energy Laser Material Processing, CFD Analysis of Scour Formation, Blood flow in human arteries and stent design, and laser heating and treatments of biological tissues and tumors.
Abstract:
The demands for electric battery storage are increasing for greater use in electric vehicles and for greater energy storage needs for alternative energy sources and electric grid systems. The automobile industries account for a significant percent of the total fuel consumption in the US. The necessity for reducing fuel consumption and emissions led to the development of the hybrid electric, plug-in electric and all-electric vehicles, which uses a drive system consisting of electric battery storage, electric motors and regenerative braking system. Previous experimental and simulation studies at NIU indicate that at higher discharge and charge rates the battery performance decreases due to increased polarization losses, which results in increased internal heat generation and temperature rise of the lithium-ion battery. Temperature variation greatly affects the performance and capacity of the battery. Beyond certain temperature level thermal runaway will occur and thus increases temperature uncontrollably, causing serious safety problems. Thermal run-away is even more critical for automobile applications which involve very high discharge and charge rates during driving and fast charging conditions. An enhanced battery cooling scheme is required to achieve optimum battery performance. The objective of this study is to develop cold plate designs for Li-Ion battery stack of an electric vehicle for enhanced performance subjected to electric vehicle discharge rates associated with the driving conditions and high rates for fast charging of the battery using computer simulation analysis. A computer simulation model based on coupling a battery model that takes into account of the electrochemical kinetics and heat generation, and a CFD model for conjugate heat transfer will be used to investigate the thermal behavior and thermal management requirements of the battery under a variety of load conditions.
Chol-Bum “Mike†Kweon
U.S. Army Research Laboratory
USA
Title: Unmanned aerial system (UAS) engine research at U.S. army research laboratory
Biography:
Chol-Bum “Mike†Kweon completed his PhD from University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2002, worked for Gas Technology Institute, General Motors R&D, General Motors Powertrain, and Delphi Advanced Powertrain. He is the team leader of Power Generation Research Team at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. He has published more than 60 technical and journal papers and 31 intellectual properties. He teaches a graduate-level combustion course at Johns Hopkins University and an undergraduate Internal Combustion Engine class at University of Maryland-College Park. He also serves as technical POC and committee member in multiple DoD organizations and technical communities.
Abstract:
Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Engine Research at U.S. Army Research Laboratory: Demand for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) aircrafts is projected to increase dramatically in the near future. U.S. Army has four major UAS aircrafts with varying propulsion technologies from battery, rotary, to diesel engines. Selection of the technologies is currently based on the power range: small UAS powered with battery, medium with rotary engine (28 kW) with aviation gasoline, and large with Jet fuel powered diesel (119 kW) engine. Each technology has its own issues with a common issue of reliability. The major issue of the battery-power UAS aircraftis its weight and flight time with a huge burden on soldiers who need to carry the battery system. Rotary engine technology has its inherent seal issues due to its large contact areas, and it is difficult to efficiently burn heavy fuels due to its inherent low compression ratio. The diesel engine version is the most reliable but it still has significant reliability issues. One of the major issues may beinduced due to large fuel property variation of Jet fuels. For instance, Cetane number of Jet fuels varies from low 30 to over 50 in the battlefields which will have significant impact on ignition and combustion processes of UAS aircrafts at high altitudes. Abnormal combustion could lead to detonation which could damage the engines and lead to loss of aircrafts. In this presentation, the effects of fuel properties on UAS engine combustion will be presented. In addition, spray and combustion processes of different fuel properties will be presented both in experiment and 3D CFD.
Biography:
Gozdem Kilaz holds B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Chemical Engineering. Currently, she serves as the Chief Scientist for the Air Transport Institute for Environmental Sustainability (AirTIES). Her research is focused on aviation biofuels and sustainability. Her courtesy appointment with the Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE) research center provides collaboration between Colleges of Technology and Engineering. Gozdem is also one of 15 faculty fellows appointed by the Dean of Technology for the Purdue Polytechnic Initiative (PPI) targeting transformative innovation in learning. She teaches courses on Aviation Fuels, Research Methods in Aviation and Statics for Aero Structures.
Abstract:
Recent advancements in bio-energy production allowed increased use of liquid biofuels, introducing the advantages of reduced fossil fuel dependence, lower exhaust emissions and renewable feedstock options. These “drop-in†fuels, however also brought operational challenges for aviation as multiple novel chemicals come into contact with numerous airframe and power plant materials. One set of such challenges involve the fire safety of alternative fuels. The traditional firefighting foams may not be as effective on alternative aviation fuels; impacting the safety of the public and first responders. Purdue research team collaborated with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) division to investigate the “alternative aviation fuels-firefighting foams compatibilityâ€. The fuels studied are fossil derived jet fuel (Jet-A), Fischer-Tropsch (FT), Hydrogenated Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), Renewable Synthetic Iso-Paraffinic (SIP) jet fuels and one unleaded aviation gasoline (AvGas) replacement candidate. Each fuel sample was assigned a chemical identification demonstrating its complex composition determined by a Multidimensional Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy system (GCxGC/MS). Concurrently, each fuel was tested in a closed stainless steel combustion chamber to determine the burn characteristics which are: flammability limits, minimum ignition energy, and the rate of fire spread. Correlations between the chemical compositions and combustion parameters were developed which were further utilized for implementing the tactical and strategic adaptive methods for fighting the alternative aviation fuel fires. This project also accomplished the valuable fuel composition databank of sustainable aviation fuels which provided a great baseline for developing predictive models between fuel chemical/physical characteristics and performance criteria.
Yuebin Yu
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
USA
Title: Analysis of HVAC system oversizing in commercial buildings through field measurements
Biography:
Yuebin Yu's main field is smart building technology and sustainable energy system development, including automated continuous commissioning and advanced controls, web-based fault detection and diagnosis, virtual sensing and metering, cascaded energy systems with active utilization of passive technologies, model-based built environment evaluation. Dr. Yu graduated with a Ph.D. degree from Carnegie Mellon University. During his study at CMU, Dr. Yu has attended multiple government and industrial funded projects. He has published more than 18 journal articles and more than 10 peer reviewed conference papers. Dr. Yu is a member of ASME, ASHRAE, and IBPSA. He is an active and voting member in the Technical Committee 7.5 for Smart Building Systems and is participating the revision of ASHRAE Handbook on Fault Detection and Diagnostics. Before joining University of Nebraska-Lincoln, he had five years working experience including as a VAV product manager in Trox Air Conditioning Components Co., Ltd and a manager of engineering department in Guangzhou Refrigeration Equipment Institute.
Abstract:
This presentation depicts the oversizing issues of HVAC equipment in commercial buildings based on the data from long-time field measurements. Specifically, retail stores are selected as the typical commercial buildings to evaluate the status of equipment oversizing and its effect on energy consumption. Rooftop units (RTUs) in 12 retail stores located in different climatic regions are analyzed in terms of the oversizing status in both cooling and heating mode. The proposed method utilizes three parameters, namely cycling number (N), run time fraction (RTF), and maximum cycling number (Nmax) to jointly determine the performance of a RTU based on the annual design condition. The accuracy of the methodology is evaluated by self-validation in terms of uncertainty and compared with previous studies. The results can be used to evaluate the oversizing level of RTUs and quantify the average energy penalty of sample buildings. Designers can also use the findings as a reference to evaluate building load design. More importantly, the analytical process presented in this article can be automated and applied in the smart building management system for the advanced soft repair of an oversizing issue with RTUs.
Jose Luz Silveira
Sao Paulo State University
Brazil
Title: Experimental study of ethanol use in airplane engines
Biography:
He is Professor of Energy Department at College of Engineering Guaratinguetá; Sao Paulo State University FEG-UNESP; Professor of the Post-graduation Program Conversion and Transmission of Energy (FEG-UNESP); Coordinator of the Post-graduation Program Alternative Energy; Member of the Coordination Board of Research Institute in Bioenergy (IPBEN) UNESP and Coordinator of the Group of Optimization of Energy Systems: Conservation and Generation (GOSE). Mechanical Engineering at Federal University of Itajubá (1986), Bachelor in Mathematic at the Foundation of Research and Education of Itajubá, Faculty of Philosophy and Science (1985), Master in Mechanical Engineering at Federal University of Itajubá (1990) and Doctorate in Mechanical Engineering at the Campinas Estate University (UNICAMP)(1994). Has experience in Mechanical Engineering, focusing on Thermodynamics and Heat Transference, acting on the following subjects: Cogeneration, Thermo-Economic analysis, Fuel Cell Cogeneration Technical Analysis and Biofuels.
Abstract:
This work evaluates and quantifies the environmental impact from the use of aviation gasoline blended with ethanol in aeronautical internal combustion engines. For this a Lycoming IO-540-K1D5 engine has been used, working with different blends in order to measure performance characteristics and pollutant emissions of the system. The ecological efficiency concept is applied to evaluate the environmental impact by CO2, SO2, NOx and particulate material (PM) emissions considering the influence of fuel conversion efficiency and different flight conditions. The tested flight conditions were takeoff and cruise at 10,000 ft. Considering the measured thermal efficiency in each case, on the takeoff condition, the engine presents an ecological efficiency of 0.858 for gasoline and 0.914 for ethanol, and on the cruise condition, the engine presents an ecological efficiency of 0.842 for gasoline and 0.924 for ethanol.
Levenko Alexander Sergeyevich
Air-Space Agency, Magellan
Ukraine
Title: Research at rocket-space complex and orbiter with liquid propellant engines on HPT
Biography:
Levenko Alexander (Oleksandr) Sergeyevich working in the aerospace sphere of activity since 1966, has higher technical education, the mechanical engineer, specialty "rocket engines" (1972, Dnepropetrovsk State University, Ukraine). He is the general constructor of space complexes of Air-Space Agency “Magellan" (Kyiv, Ukraine). He has published more than 65 papers in reputed journals and 15 monographs, has patents of Ukraine 10, inventions - 3. He lives in Dnepropetrovsk (Ukraine).
Abstract:
It is a review of criteria for the establishment of active orbital spacecraft, taking into account the analysis of aspects of the application of the propulsion system running on hydrogen peroxide and the possibility of his return to the Earth surface. As a result of research, was proposed the concept of creating a modern type of spacecraft - maneuvering in orbit returning unmanned orbiter in the embodiment of the satellite remote sensing (SRS). In a report reflects the results of optimizing the design of the Launch Vehicle (LV). Article examines the preceding schematic design elements of space rocket complex. In particular, the elements of LV, Orbiter, and their propulsion systems. Carried initial calculations aerodynamic parameters of Orbiter on the descent and maneuvering in low orbit. The report shows an embodiment of a space rocket engine liquid propellant components selected.
Faustin Ondore
Technical University of Kenya
Kenya
Title: Design and development of an experimental aircraft
Biography:
An accomplished professional aerospace engineer, Faustin Ondore earned his PhD from Brunel University London from aerodynamics research topic that entailed the use of a combination of experimental and numerical methods (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and successfully predicted separation in highly turbulent flows in a complex geometry. His is currently focused to the identification and development of a CFD model for a priori prediction of detachment (and reattachment) in flow domains of engineering and other interest. Also, since his appointment as Chairman of the Department of Aerospace and Aviation Engineering at the Technical University of Kenya, he is leading his department's efforts towards production and operation of the first Kenyan designed aircraft. Prior to that he worked in senior roles in the aerospace and defense sectors in the United Kingdom and other countries, where he has lectured in aerospace engineering in a number of universities and colleges.
Abstract:
A flying aircraft can be dangerous to operate. Airworthiness and safety issues must be fully addressed. A variety of designers and producers have taken the easy route by procuring and assembling suitable knock-down kits from which good 'home-made' aircraft have been produced. Many of such aircraft have are deployed in private leisure, sport and other categories. Production of experimental aircraft poses special challenges, because the resulting air vehicle must not only fly safely but be capable of supporting aerial experimental activities. In the present work, the university team's focal point is on the optimum balance of flight safety and effective achievement of the experimental missions. Hence we address such functions and capabilities as handling qualities, aerial photography and the multi-faceted system of aerodynamic data acquisition, on-board storage and retrieval. Further, all design calculations must mainly be produced from the designer's original concept and not imported from other sources. The team is unaware if a similar aerial vehicle has been produced, tested and used in such a stringent frame, in a university environment.
- Track 7: Robotics and Mechatronics; Track 13: Mechanics, Dynamics and Controls
Session Introduction
Shuh Jing Ying
University of South Florida
USA
Title: Foundation of graduate study in mechanical engineering – advanced dynamics
Time : 15:00 - 15:20
Biography:
Shuh Jing Ying has completed his Ph.D at the age of 36 from Harvard University. He is retired from Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida and earned a title of Emeritus Professor. So far He published 35 technical papers and one text book ‘Advanced Dynamics’. He is Follow of ASME. Taught 20 college level courses and 14 graduate courses.
Abstract:
Dynamics is the foundation of undergraduate study in mechanical engineering. If you are good in dynamics you will be good on all other courses. Advanced dynamics is the foundation for graduate study. I taught advanced dynamics for more than ten years, this is my observation. Why it is so? Because the course of advanced dynamics covers usually many mathematical fundamentals such as vectors, tensors, matrices and rotation operators; principles and applications in dynamics from particle dynamics to rigid body motion, from small oscillation to vibration of systems with multiple degrees of freedom, my course covers also special relativity theory. They are very innovative. And they set the foundation for the study of all the graduate courses. Science is always in progress, dynamics is in the same form. Just say a few examples to illustrate the frontier of dynamics: missile shooting missile is important in our defense, I covered this as an example in particle dynamics. Different ground conditions, flat ground and spherical ground, are studied, computer program is used. Certainly the missile is shot down. However further research can be continued to improve the situation, using a better formulation, better computer program, and faster computer are the possibilities in sight. Space ship travels from earth to mars is another example. The way I presented in the course is classic, no propulsion force while the space ship is travelling in space. This may be not true in real situation. The gravitational affect is assumed to be only one body. For more accurate consideration gravitational affect from two bodies may be further considered. Several rotational motions with different axes can be combined to one through the use of rotation operator. This is important because it usually can save time. However, rotation operator is a relatively new mathematical tool, more research work should be devoted to this subject. Many more examples may be illustrated and will be presented in the conference.
Elżbieta Jarzębowska
Warsaw University of Technology
Poland
Title: A model - based debris tracking controller design for a free-floating space vehicle
Time : 15:20 - 15:40
Biography:
Elżbieta M. Jarzębowska is a professor at the Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, Power and Aeronautical Engineering Department, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. She received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D., D.Sc. degrees in mechanical engineering, nonlinear control and mechanics, from the Warsaw University of Technology. Her fields of research and teaching include multibody system dynamics, optimal and nonlinear control of nonholonomic, underactuated, UAV, and wheeled robotic systems. She is an author of about 100 research papers, tutorials and a monograph in nonlinear systems dynamics and control. She is a member of ASME, IEEE, GAMM, and IFToMM. Her hobbies are psychology, swimming, yachting, and travels.
Abstract:
The paper presents preliminary results on designing a model-based tracking controller for a free-floating space vehicle equipped with manipulating arms, i.e. a manipulator whose mission is capturing space debris. Such missions are of a significant interest due to a growing number of debris needed to be removed from space, as well as due to asteroids which can be promising sources of raw materials. In a free-floating operation mode, the vehicle linear and angular momenta are conserved. The angular momentum conservation makes vehicles nonholonomic control systems. The free-floating mode implicates that a vehicle is underactuated, what classifies it as a second order nonholonomic system. The vehicle is also assigned a task, so it is a multi-constraint control system. Motivations for this research are the potential significance of its results in the face of constantly growing interest in conquest and exploration of space, which results in generation of more space debris and requires services for satellites and space stations. Also, a development of new control strategies for space manipulators may provide a new insight into nonlinear control methods for missions in space. The paper presents a space manipulator control oriented 3D dynamics, a theoretical control development for approaching, capturing and acquisition of an object. The research contribution is two-folded. Its results may provide a better insight into control design for space vehicles and may constitute a control theoretic basis for future applications in space.
Beatrice Pomaro
University of Padova
Italy
Title: Dynamic stability of visco-elastically supported plates
Time : 16:20 - 16:40
Biography:
Beatrice Pomaro has completed her Ph.D in 2011 from University of Padova and is at present Research Fellow at the same Department. She is leading research on two main fields: dynamic stability of structural elements and coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling of cementitious materials.
Abstract:
The vibration of plate structures is one of the typical dynamic problems encountered in various fields of engineering and technology, such as aerospace, automotive, marine as well as civil applications. When the constraints loose their stiffness or their intrinsic viscosity occurs in time, they start behaving like spring-dumper systems and the dynamic response of the structural elements is supposed to vary, if compared with the system perfectly constrained, as already envisaged in [1, 2] for one-dimensional structural elements. The phenomenon of dynamic stability is investigated in this study for plate elements with visco-elastic supports, both translational and rotational, variously arranged, in order to understand the influence of viscoelasticity of the constraints on the response of rectangular plates under periodic axially distributed loads. Starting from the generic form of the solution of the partial differential equation for free vibrations of thin plates, a closed solution for the natural frequencies is provided in function of the degree of elasticity and viscosity of the constraints, so that the case of perfect supports turns to be a particular case of this more general solution. The free vibrations of the system at varying constraint conditions (both perfect, for comparison against known solutions, and visco-elastic) are obtained this way. Consequently the solution to the Mathieu-Hill equation at the basis of the problem, as found in [1], is applied to define the first region of instability and discuss the resulting unstable regions in function of the load condition, the geometric aspect and the slenderness of the plate.
Zhi-Qian Zhang
Institute of High Performance Computing
A*STAR
Singapore
Title: Design, simulationand optimization of asupersonic shot peening nozzle
Time : 16:40 - 17:00
Biography:
Zhi-Qian Zhang He is the scientist of Engineering Mechanics Department, Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore. He has completed his PhD in Engineering Mechanics from Xi’an Jiaotong University, China and postdoctoral studies from Keio University, Japan. His research area is computational mechanics and fluid-structure interactions. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Shot peening is a cold working process, which is widely used in aerospace industry in order to enhance the fatigue life span of metallic components.In the shot peening process, peens are accelerated by air flow and directed onto the surface of the work piece by a nozzle. The shot peening performance can be measured by peening intensity and coverage. The peening intensity is determined by the impact velocity of the peens to the target surface. Under certain operational conditions (i.e., operational air pressure and media flow rate of peens), the design of the interior contour of the nozzle will significantly influence the maximum peen velocity.Moreover, in supersonic shot peening process, the optimal design of the nozzle interior contour is crucial to suppress the shock waves in wide range of operational air pressure. To evaluate the performance of the nozzle by studying the impact velocity, impact angle, peening pattern, coverage ratio and so on, an accurate and efficient simulation platform based on ANSYS/Fluent isdevelopedto simulate the multi-phase flow in subsonic/supersonic shot peening process.A new interior contour design of a supersonic shot peening nozzle is proposed so as to achieve the maximum impact velocity of peens to the target plane under the given operational condition.
Moin U Ahmed
Queen Mary University of London
UK
Title: Dynamical performance analysis of hybrid vehicle based on turbocharger derivative micro gas turbine engine
Time : 17:00-17:10
Biography:
Moin U Ahmed has completed his MEng in Aerospace Engineering in 2011 from the School of Engineering and Material Science at Queen Mary University of London. He is currently pursuing a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the same instituition. During his post-grauate studies he has been a graduate teaching assistant in his school. His area of research interest are: aerodynamics, gas turbine design and performance analysis, renewable and sustainable energy.
Abstract:
Hybrid electric vehicle has been traditionally using piston engine as the power train. Recently micro gas turbine engine has been promoted for exhibiting robust power-to-size ratio and multi fuel capacity. However its cost and off design efficiency remains a challenge till date. In this work dynamical performance analysis of micro gas turbine based hybrid electric vehicle is presented. The work shows complete design and off design performance of automotive turbocharger derivative micro gas turbine engine. The performance maps of the relevant engine is used to simulate vehicular dynamical performance. Computational models for various hybrid vehicle modes are presented. The models are based on one-dimensional quasi-steady dynamics and steady state thermodynamics principles. A comparative analysis is presented for the relevant modes of vehicles, such as, engine driven only, series hybrid and parallel hybrid. Comparison between gas turbine and piston engine performance is also presented for different types of vehicles, such as, compact, medium and heavy. Results show that piston engine driven cars outperforms gas turbine ones when not in hybrid mode. It is also evident that gas turbines are suited for bigger hybrid vehicles, while piston engine dominate the compact ones. Extending this study to include transient powertrain thermodynamics can be a follow up step.
Chen Wenhao
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Hong Kong SAR, China
Title: An integrated model for dendrite growth simulation in selective laser melting
Biography:
Chen Wenhao is pursuing his Master of Philosophy degree in Hong Kong University of Science and Technology focusing on the laser sintering field. He completed his Undergraduate in HKUST Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. He is experienced in mechanical design, manufacturing and building robot system.
Abstract:
In Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process, metal powder is melted by laser and rapidly solidified into solid. The most common microstructure observed during rapid solidification process is the dendritic morphology. Real-time observation of the dendritic forming process by experiment becomes difficult due to its invisibility. Modeling of the microstructure could evaluate the transient grain growth and assist to control the melting condition for better mechanical performance. In this work, two sub models are integrated to simulate the transient grain growth during SLM process. A macroscale three-dimensional thermal model is first used to generate the temperature field. The temperature field is then imported to the two-dimensional integrated Cellular Automata and Phase field (CAPF) model, which calculates the microscale dendritic growth feature and associated solute redistribution. The simulation result exhibits the dendrite growth behavior verified by literature.
Tilita George Alexandru
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Hong Kong SAR, China
Title: The effect of individual input parameters on the development of imperfections during selective laser melting
Biography:
Tilita George Alexandru studied Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering for Bachelor’s and Master’s at the “Politehnica” University of Bucharest with a specialization in Nanotechnology and Non-conventional manufacturing systems such as EDM, Additive Manufacturing, and others. He is now undergoing his PhD studies at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in the field of Selective Laser Melting. He is the recipient of the URG’s HK PhD Fellowship.
Abstract:
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a near net-shape manufacturing process where components of varying complexity are built up layer-by-layer by selectively melting metal powder. While gaining popularity in the Automotive and Aerospace industries, these SLMed components often suffer from process induced imperfections which may lead to undesired mechanical behavior in the final product. Taking an analysis of variation approach, this study aims to investigate the contribution of the individual input parameters, including laser power, hatch spacing, and scanning speed, to the development of imperfections such as balling, oxidation, and improper melting of powder. The analysis was carried out using single layer printing of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel as a model material. Understanding the relations between these input parameters and the development of imperfections in terms of volumetric energy density can lead to the optimization of the SLM process.
Wesley C. Young
California State University
USA
Title: Aero spike Engine-The design of a LOX/Methane multi-chamber Aero spike Engine
Biography:
Wesley C Young is a Senior completing his BS in Aerospace Engineering at Cal State Long Beach. He leveraged his experience working on student built liquid propellant rockets through the CALVEIN organization to gain multiple internships in the aerospace industry. Opportunities he earned include doing spacecraft design at Boeing, propulsion manufacturing engineering at Space X, and testing at Alliance Space Systems. He continues to hope to be part of ground-breaking work in the space industry.
Abstract:
Aero spike engines were once heavily researched as they are highly desirable for single stage to orbit launch vehicles. However, development of these engine designs never progressed and implementation ceased. The scope of this project is limited to the design of a LOX/Methane multi-chamber aerospike engine with an emphasis on measurement instrumentation to further characterize engine behavior through the transonic regime. It’s believed that through increasing available data the implementation of aerospikes becomes more reasonable. The processes used to design this engine are modeled after those in ‘Development and Characterization of a 1,300 Lbf Thrust Multi-chamber Aerospike Engine’, the only known flown engine of a similar kind. This engine seeks to improve upon past designs by implementing reliable simultaneous ignition of the thrusters. Also, notably different is the use of regeneratively cooled thrusters for effective cooling and improved efficiency. The proposed subsystems of the engine designed include the 8 regeneratively cooled thrusters, 8 accompanying coaxial injectors, and ignition ports directly integrated into the thruster walls, and the central plug/engine mounting structure. Following thorough mission analysis assuming a given launch vehicle size, a 3,600 Lbf engine with an isp of 300 s was designed. Each thrust chambers was designed for 1/8 of the total engine thrust. A truncated spike was designed using Prandtl-Meyer expansion functions to estimate the slope. And injector sizing was done following techniques for reaching stable combustion. Pressure ports and thermal instrumentation are located on the plug with a cavity for devices to be located in the center.
Nan Li
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hong Kong
Title: Supplier selection and order allocation using modified fuzzy AHP-based approach in manufacturing networks
Biography:
Nan Li received his BE degree from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, UK. He then completed an MPhil degree from the same University. Currently, he is a PhD candidate in the Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong. His research interests are in inventory management, production control, simulation optimization and demand forecasting.
Abstract:
Due to the economy recession all around the world, the performance of manufacturing industry has been significantly affected. The question of how to generate fast response to customers, maintain the high quality, accurate delivery rate and low risk becomes the crucial issue of keeping a company competitive. Supplier selection, one of the key factors for a successful production process has attracted more attention in the recent decade. This research aims to understand the supplier selection procedure in manufacturing networks. Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) are applied to evaluate suppliers and optimize the combinations of suppliers for various orders, respectively. The data and information are collected from a central company, which coordinates manufacturing networks of SMEs as an industrial case study. A statistical analysis method for supplier evaluation with respect to quantitative criteria is proposed to visually assist decision makers and reduce the potential bias in the decision making process. For practical application, this paper, first of all, proposes a weighting system for SMEs manufacturing networks. Since data and information are collected from an experienced system integrator, the criteria and their corresponding weights could be used as a reference for similar industries and companies. Secondly, this research helps aid the decision making process in supplier selection and order allocation.
Zachary Garcia
University of Alaska Anchorage
USA
Title: Consecutive vortex ring formation from a pulsed jet
Time : 17:50 - 18:00
Biography:
Zachary Garcia is a graduate student completing a master’s degree in mechanical engineering at the University of Alaska Anchorage.
Abstract:
A key hydrodynamic feature of vortex ring formation with implication to propulsion is that there is a limit in ring growth. Gharib et al. (1998) and subsequent studies have established the limiting process on isolated vortex ring formation from a starting jet, and associated optimal ring formation with the limiting formation time (stroke distance to piston diameter ratio). The ring formation process of a pulsed jet is significantly different than that of a starting jet because when rings are generated in a repeated fashion, the interaction between rings alters the dynamics of jet shear layer and vortex formation. The project studies the roles of formation time and pulsing frequency in the formation and interaction of consecutively generated vortex rings for use in propulsion systems. In this experimental study, multiple vortex rings are generated consecutively from a pulsed jet. The rings form and interact with each other depending on the defined parameters. Using digital particle image velocimetry, the flow fields are quantified and analyzed. The study demonstrates that the limiting formation time is reduced significantly when a pulsed jet generates consecutive vortex rings in close proximity and the reduction is determined by the pulsing frequency. The parameters for optimal vortex formation are also studied to apply to engineering propulsion systems.
Arjun Jamedar
Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology
India
Title: R.A.W. car (Road, Air, Water Car)
Time : 18:00-18:10
Biography:
J Arjun completed his schooling at ‘Stanley Model School’ in year 2011. During schooling, he got a State Level Prize for his paper presentation. Now, he is doing his Graduation (Engineering) at Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology. He participated in National Level Competition IFAST-2015 and got National Award and Reward for his model RAW car.
Abstract:
RAW car means a car which moves on road, air, and water. This car is very useful for defense purpose and for the cops to catch the criminals. A criminal can escape by any way, by using any means of transport. So this car is useful to catch them. This car is made such that it can move from road to air, air to water, road to water, water to air, water to road, and air to road. Impact on society: This car will have a greater impact in the Defence field. RAW car can be used to help people who are stuck in regions where normal helicopters or cars cannot go. The car is of two different types: Type (1) consisting of a motor for both road and water motion and another motor for air motion; Type (2) consisting of a motor for all road, air, and water motion. In Type (1), the car normally looks like the other cars which we see on roads and has the same motion on road with the same engine but for the movement on water, I made some design changes to wheels so that it can float on water and have its motion. For flying in the air, I have arranged a quadcopter. In Type (2) car, I have arranged a quadcopter and made all the three motions with it. In practical, we can use the Type (1) car as it uses petrol (if made big), and white petrol to fly in necessary time. Coming to type 2, as I have already said that it totally runs with quadcopter, it uses white petrol to move. Keeping the cost into account, I have designed the Type (1) car.
Suparoek Junsupasen
King Mongkut’s University of Technology
Thailand
Title: Adaptive Feedforward Cancellation (AFC) for low frequency noise reduction in laboratory settings
Biography:
Suparoek Junsupasen is a Lecturer in the Department of Instrumentation and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand. He received a Master’s Degree in Electrical Engineering and Information Technology from Fachhochschule Rosenheim, Germany in 2005. His research interests include electrical system design and acoustic noise control.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to investigate how to reduce noise in sound fields using active noise control technique with an emphasis on Adaptive Feedforward Cancellation (AFC). The study is conducted in (1) a close room (6.7 m wide, 11 m long, and 2.87 m high), and (2) in an open space (8.2 m wide and 18 m long). In the laboratory experiments, low frequency noise at 200 Hz is generated by the 1,000 watt speaker (as noise source), and the 1,200 watt speaker is used as noise cancelling speaker. Error microphone and spectrum analyzer are installed for measuring noises. Results indicate that noise reductions of 14.38 dB and 10.73 dB can be made in a close room and in an open space, respectively. Applications and limitations for this study are also discussed.
Paulo Ricardo Telles Rangel
Federal Institute of Santa Catarina
Brazil
Title: Design for reliability of mechatronic systems supported by knowledge-based systems in design process early phases
Biography:
Paulo Ricardo T. Rangel, M.Eng.,was a visiting researcher atINPG/Grenoble, France, where he studied electromagnetic compatibility in power electronics. He teaches atDepartment of Electronics/ IFSC since 1990. He is currently developing a doctorate in product design with focus in mechatronics, electromagnetic compatibility and knowledge-based systems at UFSC.
Abstract:
Mechatronic devices integrate control systems are fundamentalto safe operational condition of complex vehicles, especially aircrafts. In order to ensure reliability of aircraft mechatronic systems, with consequent improvement in safety, it is necessary to pay special attention to failures in these devices and their consequences in other subsystems from the early design phases. An important element to consider is the electromagnetic compatibility, which deals with electrical and magnetic relations among components or between subsystems operating in the same electromagnetic environment that may produce interference and malfunction. This paper presents a literature review on fault analysis in mechatronic and electronic control systems caused by electromagnetic problems, followed bythe description of aknowledge-based system (KBS) prototype for the early design phases focused on electromagnetic compatibility and reliabilityof mechatronic systems. The prototype includes a knowledge base on mechatronic design. Rules, object-oriented modeling and semantic networks are implemented as knowledge representation techniques. Results are evaluated and discussed byexperts in mechatronics and design. The paper also discusses issues on expandability and validation of KBS prototype.
Biography:
To enhance robotic performance, robots should obtain information about the environment and objects in it via multi-modal sensations such as vision, hearing and tactile sensing. Since tactile sensation is required to achieve dexterous manipulation, several tactile sensor designs have been proposed in robotics. Our three-axis tactile sensor is produced with a unique design that can measure not only normal force but also tangential force distribution caused by contact between a robotic finger and an object. The three-axis sensor is composed of small cylindrical sensing elements of rubber, an aluminum dome, an acrylic dome, a light source, a fiberscope and a CCD camera. The aluminum dome has 41 holes arranged concentrically, into which the sensing elements are inserted; the acrylic dome illuminated by a light source is inserted into the aluminum dome beneath the sensing elements. When an object touches the array of sensing-element tips, the sensing-element bottoms touch the acrylic dome. Since diffusion reflection occurs at the contact points, which are observed by the CCD camera, tactile information between the object and sensing-element tips is obtained as image data. The normal and tangential forces are obtained from integrated gray-scale values and centroid movement of brightness distribution. We produced a dual hand-arm robot equipped with three-axis tactile sensors on it fingertips. To evaluate the three-axis tactile sensor, we are conducting experiments using the robot to perform such tasks as cap twisting, block assembly and passing an object from the robotic hand to a person’s hand.
Abstract:
To enhance robotic performance, robots should obtain information about the environment and objects in it via multi-modal sensations such as vision, hearing and tactile sensing. Since tactile sensation is required to achieve dexterous manipulation, several tactile sensor designs have been proposed in robotics. Our three-axis tactile sensor is produced with a unique design that can measure not only normal force but also tangential force distribution caused by contact between a robotic finger and an object. The three-axis sensor is composed of small cylindrical sensing elements of rubber, an aluminum dome, an acrylic dome, a light source, a fiberscope and a CCD camera. The aluminum dome has 41 holes arranged concentrically, into which the sensing elements are inserted; the acrylic dome illuminated by a light source is inserted into the aluminum dome beneath the sensing elements. When an object touches the array of sensing-element tips, the sensing-element bottoms touch the acrylic dome. Since diffusion reflection occurs at the contact points, which are observed by the CCD camera, tactile information between the object and sensing-element tips is obtained as image data. The normal and tangential forces are obtained from integrated gray-scale values and centroid movement of brightness distribution. We produced a dual hand-arm robot equipped with three-axis tactile sensors on it fingertips. To evaluate the three-axis tactile sensor, we are conducting experiments using the robot to perform such tasks as cap twisting, block assembly and passing an object from the robotic hand to a person’s hand.
Vladimir Voskoboinick
Institute of Hydromechanics NASU
Ukraine
Title: Passive boundary layer control by dimpled vortex generators
Biography:
Vladimir Voskoboinick has completed his Ph.D in 1993 and Doctor of Engineering Sciences in 2013 in Mechanics of Fluid, Gas and Plasma from Institute of Hydromechanics of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine. He is the leading scientist of Department of Hydrobionics and Boundary Layer Control of Institute of Hydromechanics NASU. His current research is interdisciplinary and focuses on a wide range of topics within the field of Fluid Mechanics, Hydroacoustics, Bioengineering, Heat and Mass Transfer. He has published more than 200 papers in reputed journals and conference proceedings.
Abstract:
The boundary layer control is one of the actual sections of the modern hydromechanics dealing with investigations of vortical mechanisms in flows around bodies with an artificial roughness and improvement of aerodynamic characteristics of lifting surfaces. One of the well-known passive control techniques is vortex generation by roughness, which is used experimentally or numerically by many investigators. Dimples are some elements of a roughness. The symmetric and asymmetric large-scale vortical systems inside a spherical dimple are found out depending on the flow regime, and location and periodicity of their injection are shown. The evolution of coherent large-scale vortices subjected to a switch mechanism that is results in appearance of low-frequency modulating transversal oscillations of vortex motion inside the dimple. Discrete peaks are found out in spectral dependencies of pressure and velocity fluctuations. These local rises of the velocity and pressure fluctuation levels correspond to rotating frequency of the vortex systems inside the cavity, their injection frequency, wake mode frequency of oscillations of vortical movement inside the dimple, caused by a hydrodynamic resonance, and also self-sustained shear layer frequency of oscillations inside the dimple, which corresponded to a hydroacoustic resonance. The form and sizes of the quasi-stable large-scale vortex structures, the region of their origin and stages of development are submitted. Instantaneous and averaged characteristics of wall pressure fluctuations of vortical movement inside the cavity and in its near wake differ from each other, from nonlinear interaction of vortical structures with each other and streamlined surface.
KS Nagla
National Institute of Technology Jalandhar
India
Title: Multi sensor data fusion in mobile robots
Biography:
KS Nagla has completed his PhD in Robotics from Dr. BR Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, India. He is working as Associate Professor since 2010. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and international conferences. Three patents and several industrial designs are in his credit. He has been serving as reviewer of an International Journal of good repute and also a member of many professional bodied. He worked as principal investigator for successful projects on robotics. At present he is working on Shared Autonomy in mobile robots in collaboration with foreign universities.
Abstract:
In the last two decade along with industrial robots, a considerable research has been appeared on service mobile robots such as, robots: servicing humans, servicing equipments and other service robots. Modern mobile robots are faster, lighter, more responsive, and equipped with multiple sensors. Suitable example is recently tested driverless car/robot. Such autonomous mobile robots are able to explore the unknown and partially known environment and can work in a complex environment. Subsequently, the addition of smart sensors and fast computing technology powered these robots with considerable intelligence and speed. As a result; such technologies have enabled autonomous mobile robots to navigate in static or dynamic environments. To complete the complex tasks the mobile robots have to integrate different elements of knowledge such as mechanical and electronic design, control algorithms, sensor based perception, mapping of the environment, artificial intelligence and path planning, etc. Sensor based perception of the environment mapping is an emerging area of research where sensors play a pivotal role. For mobile robot's mapping, the fundamental requirement is the conversion of the range information into high level internal representation. There are several sensor modalities commonly brought to bear these tasks such as vision sensor, laser range finder, ultrasonic and infrared sensors, etc. However the sensory information failure, sensor inaccuracy, noise and slow response are the major causes of errors in the mobile robot mapping. For achieving improved accuracy and reliability in mobile robot mapping, multisensor data fusing has been found as an optimal solution. Further, sensor data fusion offers robustness, economical perception due to a dedicated processor, improved adoptability in worst case scenario (drift, sensor failure etc.), and reduced environmental influences. It also facilitates real-time data analysis by adding N-independent observations. In few cases, the parallel processing of data fusion also provides fast navigational decisions. It has become an obligatory process of intelligent mobile robot systems to enhance its capabilities. In 2014 we have developed a new architecture of sensor fusion framework that makes the map more robust and reliable. The architecture consists of the three main segments: a) Pre-processing of sensory information, b) Fusion of information from heterogeneous sensors, and c) Post-processing of the map. As per past experience, specular reflection of sonar sensor is considered as the fundamental source of error in mapping. To overcome this problem, pre-processing of information for sonar sensor is developed, where fuzzy logic algorithm is used to discard the specular information. The implementation of that fuzzy technique for sonar mapping shows that the average performance of the resultant grid mapping is increased by 6.6%. The specular reflection removal also offers reduced computational time. The qualitative comparisons show the improvement in the results where the overall occupied and empty area of the resultant map is extremely near to the reference map. Such technique is required for future autonomous mobile robots.
P. K. Parlewar
Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur
India
Title: Image and video processing in robotics and mechatroincs
Biography:
P. K. Parlewar received her B. Eng. Degree from Government College of Engineering, India in 2000, received her M. Tech. and Ph. D. degrees from Nagpur University, India in 2006 and 2013. She is currently Dean, Research and Development with Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management India. Her research interests include image processing computer vision, transform based denoising techniques, and embedded system.
Abstract:
In modern robotics, cameras serve the function of eyes, but it is the image processing that enables these robots to see, to perceive the environment around them through captured imagery and to act accordingly. Image processing has found applications in industrial service robots, unmanned vehicle operations, computer vision in clinical monitoring, object detection, satellite remote sensing, agricultural and defense applications, and many other areas. Visual quality of image can also be improved using image processing techniques like denoising and histogram processing that smoothen the regions and curves but sharpen edges while also protecting the high frequency information. In the current era, we employ high definition cameras on the robots so more detail can be captured, and also employ high speed processors for faster processing of the captured data. But, we also need faster and more efficient image processing algorithms to go in conjunction, for the betterment of real-time applications of these robotic systems. With advent in robotic technology, the robots are making extensive use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components to reduce costs, simplify maintenance, and ease of future upgrades. This also requires graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that support custom-design, virtual masking/demasking, waste reduction, time reduction and protects equipment.